Reproductive strategies of Atlantic salmon: ecology and evolution

Fleming, Ian A.

doi:10.1007/bf00164323

Cited by 599 publications

(639 citation statements)

References 190 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…It is possible that, first, reduced growth or a lower condition in individuals with more severe cataracts led to a delay in maturity (Fleming, 1996). Second, given that the circadian rhythm is an essential stimulus in the maturation process (Duston and Bromage, 1986), the reproductive physiology of fish with severe cataracts may have been impaired because of the reduced perception of the light stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetic architecture of parasite-induced cataract in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Kuukka-Anttila

Peuhkuri²,

Kolari³

et al. 2009

Heredity

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Parasites impose costs on their hosts. The capability to fight against them is of great advantage, but may also be traded off with other traits. Although often observed at the phenotypic level, our knowledge of the extent to which such trade-offs are genetically determined is relatively poor. We tested this possibility with a farmed rainbow trout population suffering from natural Diplostomum spp. infections that cause cataracts in fish. We estimated the heritability of cataract severity and examined phenotypic and genetic correlations between cataract and a set of performance traits measured three times during a 3-year rearing period. A cataract score was used as an indicator of the host's capability to resist and/or tolerate the parasite. Our results showed moderate heritability for the cataract. Nevertheless, we found no evidence for a genetic or phenotypic trade-off between parasite resistance/tolerance and the measured performance traits. Initial body weight was not correlated with the cataract score. Phenotypic and genetic correlations of cataract severity with body mass and condition measured in the second and third year were strongly negative, indicating reduced growth and condition in fish with a high cataract score. The reduced body size and condition in cataract-bearing fish were probably reflected in the phenotypic association between a high cataract score and delayed maturity age in females. Put together, our study did not provide evidence of genetic or phenotypic trade-offs between Diplostomum resistance/tolerance and a number of performance traits. Therefore, selection for lessened Diplostomum-caused cataracts is unlikely to have a negative impact on the studied performance traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetic architecture of parasite-induced cataract in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Kuukka-Anttila

Peuhkuri²,

Kolari³

et al. 2009

Heredity

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“…One of the most phenotypically extreme examples of alternative life histories in vertebrates is found in Atlantic salmon. Mature male parr reproduce at sizes 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller (by weight) and at much less than half the age of anadromous males, which breed following a migration to sea (Jones, 1959;Hutchings and Myers, 1988;Fleming, 1996). Similarly variable anadromous and non-anadromous alternative phenotypes exist in brown trout (for example, Hindar et al, 1992;Klemetsen et al, 2003) and Chinook salmon (Healey, 1991), whereas members of the genera Salvelinus and Coregonus are better known for their extraordinary life-history variability in the absence of seaward migrations (for example, Sandlund et al, 1992;Bernatchez et al, 2010).…”

Section: Genetic Variability In Discontinuous and Bivariate Reaction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes

2011

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Genetic variability in reaction norms reflects differences in the ability of individuals, populations and ultimately species to respond to environmental change. By increasing our understanding of how genotype Â environment interactions influence evolution, studies of genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity serve to refine our capacity to predict how populations will respond to natural and anthropogenic environmental variability, including climate change. Given the extraordinary variability in morphology, behaviour and life history in salmonids, one might anticipate the research milieu on reaction norms in these fishes to be empirically rich and intellectually engaging. Here, I undertake a review of genetic variability in continuous and discontinuous (threshold) norms of reaction in salmonid fishes, as determined primarily (but not exclusively) by common-garden experiments. Although in its infancy from a numerical publication perspective, there is taxonomically broad evidence of genetic differentiation in continuous, threshold and bivariate reaction norms among individuals, families and populations (including inter-population hybrids and backcrosses) for traits as divergent as embryonic development, age and size at maturity, and gene expression. There is compelling inferential evidence that plasticity is heritable and that population differences in reaction norms can reflect adaptive responses, by natural selection, to local environments. As a stimulus for future work, a series of 20 research questions are identified that focus on reaction-norm variability, selection, costs and constraints, demographic and conservation consequences, and genetic markers and correlates of phenotypic plasticity.

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“…Means and variances are derived from the numbers of offspring surviving to maturity rather than from individual reproductive success (Campton 2004). Numbers of offspring surviving to maturity are affected by life history patterns of fish under consideration, as it was shown that salmon precocious parr males produce ejaculates of greater quality (Vladić & Järvi 2001: Vladić et al 2010, in accordance with predicted inverse relationship between fish age and gamete quality (Fleming 1996). Therefore, maximizing number of founders is expected to maximize genetic diversity in the population.…”

Section: Human Impact On Salmonid Ejaculate Allocation and Heritabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, disfavoured males ought to be selected to expand more energy in sperm production and/or quality than dominant males (Parker 1998). In all salmonid species, there are at least two distinct life histories in males (Jones, 1959;Fleming 1996): one, with dominant anadromous males with variable degrees of fighting ability that have developed linear dominance hierarchy, and second, with small precociously mature males-parr that do not migrate to sea to acquire food for prolonged growth, but stay in the stream of their hatching or "grilse", who return to the spawning ground after single season in the sea. Because of the smaller amounts of food in the river, and different ecological conditions of the freshwater habitat (reviewed by Gibson, 1993) these males are miniature in size relative to dominant males (Gage et al 1995) (Figure 3).…”

Section: Sperm Competition In Salmonidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejaculate Allocation and Sperm Competition in Alternative Reproductive Tactics of Salmon and Trout: Implications for Aquaculture

Vladić¹

2011

Recent Advances in Fish Farms

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Reproductive strategies of Atlantic salmon: ecology and evolution

Cited by 599 publications

References 190 publications

Quantitative genetic architecture of parasite-induced cataract in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Quantitative genetic architecture of parasite-induced cataract in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes

Ejaculate Allocation and Sperm Competition in Alternative Reproductive Tactics of Salmon and Trout: Implications for Aquaculture

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