Reproductive-toxicologic assessment of the epoxides ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide.

Hardin, Bryan D.; Niemeier, Richard W.; Sikov, M.R.; Hackett, P.L.

doi:10.5271/sjweh.2417

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They found a significant increase in the incidence of malformed fetuses, principally with aberrations of the cervical vertebrae, when EtO was administered intravenously in a single dose of 75 or 150 mg/kg to pregnant mice during days 6-8 or days 10-12 of gestation. Those findings have not been replicated in studies conducted in rabbits and in rats [Hardin et al, 1983;NIEHS, 19831.…”

Section: Reproductive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Ethylene oxide: An overview of toxicologic and epidemiologic research

Landrigan

Meinhardt

Gordon

et al. 1984

American J Industrial Med

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Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a reactive epoxide and potent biocide. It is used widely in gas sterilization of hospital equipment. An estimated 75,000 health care workers in the United States have potential exposure. EtO binds covalently to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and has been shown in 13 species to cause point mutations. Apparently, as a consequence of its alkylating ability, EtO exposure can result in chromosomal damage. In monkeys EtO exposure produces increased frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations. In man, five cytogenetic studies have shown dose-related increased frequencies of either SCE or chromosomal aberrations; in one study SCEs developed after regular exposures lasting less than five minutes per day. EtO is a reproductive toxin. In adult male rats, exposure produces decreased fertility, increased fetal deaths, and heritable chromosomal translocations. In pregnant female rats and rabbits, exposure causes increased fetal losses, and in one study in pregnant mice exposure was associated with increased numbers of malformed fetuses. In male monkeys EtO causes dose-related reductions in sperm count and sperm motility. In pregnant women, one study suggests that brief occupational exposure twice daily in concentrations of 20 ppm or above was associated with increased spontaneous abortions. EtO is carcinogenic to animals. In rats it causes dose-related increases in mononuclear cell leukemias, peritoneal mesotheliomas, and cerebral gliomas. In man, exposure has been associated in two epidemiologic studies with increased leukemias: 3 leukemias observed versus 0.2 expected in one study, and 2 observed versus 0.14 expected in the other; two additional small studies of limited power found no excess leukemias. Quantitative risk assessment indicates that from 634 to 1,093 excess deaths from cancer will occur per 10,000 workers exposed to EtO at 50 ppm over a working lifetime, and that 12 to 23 excess cancer deaths will occur per 10,000 workers exposed at 1 ppm. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that EtO be regarded as a potential human carcinogen. NIOSH has recommended that eight-hour time-weighted average exposure to EtO be less than 0.1 ppm and that short-term peak exposure not exceed 5 ppm for more than ten minutes per working day.

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Section: Reproductive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Ethylene oxide: An overview of toxicologic and epidemiologic research

Landrigan

Meinhardt

Gordon

et al. 1984

American J Industrial Med

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“…Foetal growth was reduced compared with that of the controls. There were no treatment-related malformations, merely the incidence of wavy ribs was increased in the treated groups (Hardin et al 1983).…”

Section: Developmental Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Food consumption and the body weights of the dams were reduced. Fertility was not affected, and no developmental toxicity was observed (Hardin et al 1983). …”

Section: Developmental Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

1,2‐Epoxypropane [MAK Value Documentation, 2013]

2015

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The article contains sections titled: Toxic Effects and Mode of Action Mechanism of Action Toxicokinetics and Metabolism Absorption, distribution, elimination Metabolism Effects in Humans Single exposures Repeated exposure Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Reproductive and developmental toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Animal experiments and in vitro studies Acute toxicity Subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Reproductive and developmental toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Manifesto (MAK value/classification)

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“…The associations between BPA exposure and breast cancer have been investigated in one case control study in Korean women 32 . BPA levels did not differ between cases and controls in this study.…”

Section: Associations Between Bpa and Reproductive Health In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Bisphenol a on Humans: A Review

Preethi

Sandhya

Sreedevi

et al. 2014

ILNS

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plastic ingredient produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. The present review focused on different mechanisms of BPA on human health in enzymatic, androgenic, neurological, liver and reproductive systems. The review explained the influence of BPA on different stages of human life likely in foetal stage, children and adults stages. The review also concentrated on how to handle BPA, treatment, preventive measures against BPA exposure.

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Reproductive-toxicologic assessment of the epoxides ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide.

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Ethylene oxide: An overview of toxicologic and epidemiologic research

Ethylene oxide: An overview of toxicologic and epidemiologic research

1,2‐Epoxypropane [MAK Value Documentation, 2013]

Toxicity of Bisphenol a on Humans: A Review

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