Reproductive tract infections in rural India – A population-based study

Durai, Vanitha; Varadharajan, Suresh; Muthuthandavan, Anitha Rani

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_703_19

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A similar study also showed that RTI was not associated with age at marriage, pregnancy and contraception use. 4 But in a study conducted in rural Meerut shows that those women who got married before 18 years were significantly associated with RTI. 19 This difference may be due to the fact that age at marriage have been increased over the years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…in various studies conducted in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka, the prevalence of RTI was found to be 21%, 26%, and 32% respectively. 4,11,12 According to NFHS-5 (2019-2020) the prevalence of RTI in India ranges from 4% to 30%. 3 Although the prevalence has come down with various health measures like improved public health care and awareness among women on RTI, it still remains as a public health problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of RTI ranges from 4% to as high as 63.8% according to various community based studies done across India. [3][4][5][6] National Aids Control Program (NACP) and Department of Health and Family Welfare (DoHFW) together formed an integrated approach for the treatment and prevention of STI/RTI. 7 National Aids Control Organization (NACO) has branded these STI/RTI services as Suraksha clinics through which prepacked color coded STI/RTI treatment kits are given by syndromic approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of reproductive tract infections among ever married women of age 18 to 49 years in a rural area of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu

Sahana

K.²,

A.³

2022

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) affect not only women’s health but also has its implications on child health, family and socioeconomic development of the community. Unless the symptoms become alarming, women with RTI don’t seek health care. If untreated or inadequately treated RTI can lead to complications causing morbidity and mortality. So, this study focused to find out the prevalence of RTI among ever married women and its association between RTI and sociodemographic variables in a rural area.Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to March 2022 among ever married women of 18 to 49 years in a rural area, Parangipettai, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. A total of 320 women were interviewed by a house-to-house survey. Structured pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on symptoms of RTI, sociodemographic and obstetric variables.Results: Out of 320 study participants, the prevalence of RTI was found to be 23.8% (n=76). The most common symptoms reported was vaginal discharge 14.37% followed by lower abdominal pain 13.75%. This study showed that RTI was significantly associated with age of women (p=0.006) and previous history of abortion (p=0.023).Conclusions: In spite of various health programs in place, the prevalence of RTI was as high as 23.8% in this study. This implies sensitizing rural women about RTI at regular intervals is necessary for reducing the burden and preventing the complications of RTI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of reproductive tract infections among ever married women of age 18 to 49 years in a rural area of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu

Sahana

K.²,

A.³

2022

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…The prevalence of vaginal discharge was 11.8% based on a study conducted by Durai V et al [ 13 ]. Based on that, the sample size calculated was 159.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Sectional Clinical Investigation of Organisms Causing Vaginal Discharge in Patients in Rural Tamil Nadu, India

Shanmugam¹,

Balasundharam²,

Thomas³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background and aimsAbnormal vaginal discharge is a prevailing gynecological problem among women in the reproductive age group. Vaginal discharges have multiple etiologies, and the present study was conducted with the objective of determining the prevalence of common organisms causing vaginal discharge and correlating with its various types of clinical presentations in those women attending a rural health centre of a medical college in Tamil Nadu, India.

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“…In the healthcare setting, approximately 11% to 38.4% of Indian women seek care for vaginal discharge [9]. A study disclosed that about 21% of Indian women are estimated to have any one type of reproductive tract infection/sexually transmitted infection at any given point in time [10]. Abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) occurs frequently among women with candidiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Computational Approaches for the Classification and Correlation of Temperament (Mizaj) and Uterine Dystemperament (Su’-I-Mizaj Al-Rahim) in Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (Sayalan Al-Rahim) Based on Clinical Analysis Using Support Vector Machine

Sultana¹,

Begum²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2022

Complexity

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The temperament (Mizaj) of the body is an essential constituent for health conservancy and diagnosis of several diseases. Hence, general body temperament and uterine dystemperament (Su’-i-Mizaj) with abnormal vaginal discharge (Salayan al-Rahim) need evaluation. In addition, we also applied a computational intelligence technique for enhancing scientific validity to classify the warm-cold and wet-dry temperaments. This trial included a total of 66 participants with a vaginal discharge of reproductive age. Data included demographic characteristics of the participants, symptoms associated with vaginal discharge, women’s general temperament, and symptoms of uterine dystemperament. Correlation between general body temperament and age, abnormal vaginal discharge, and its associated symptoms was also performed. Additionally, we used the Support Vector Machine-Radial Basis Function (SVM-RBF) model to classify the warm-cold and wet-dry temperaments. Warm general temperament was highly prevalent (77.27%), followed by moderate (19.69%) on the warm-cold temperament scale. In wet-dry temperament, moderate general body temperament (50%) was more prevalent. In warm-cold and wet-dry scores, 78.78% and 74.24% had warm and wet uterine dystemperament, respectively. The age and symptoms were correlated with general temperament. A strong positive correlation was found between warm general temperament and warm dystemperament of the uterus (r = 0.40, p < 0.009). In addition, our SVM-RBF CV-5 classification model achieved the highest accuracy (99.2%). Our results showed that vaginal discharge is more common in warm general temperament and warm-wet dystemperament of the uterus. The same has been proven by computational intelligence. Nevertheless, vaginal discharge can also happen in normal and other temperaments.

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Reproductive tract infections in rural India – A population-based study

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence of reproductive tract infections among ever married women of age 18 to 49 years in a rural area of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu

Prevalence of reproductive tract infections among ever married women of age 18 to 49 years in a rural area of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu

A Cross-Sectional Clinical Investigation of Organisms Causing Vaginal Discharge in Patients in Rural Tamil Nadu, India

Experimental and Computational Approaches for the Classification and Correlation of Temperament (Mizaj) and Uterine Dystemperament (Su’-I-Mizaj Al-Rahim) in Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (Sayalan Al-Rahim) Based on Clinical Analysis Using Support Vector Machine

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