Reprogramming of Treg cells in the inflammatory microenvironment during immunotherapy: a literature review

Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Treg), as members of CD4+ T cells, have garnered extensive attention in the research of tumor progression. Treg cells have the function of inhibiting the immune effector cells, preventing tissue damage, and suppressing inflammation. Under the stimulation of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment (IM), the reprogramming of Treg cells enhances their suppression of immune responses, ultimately promoting tumor immune escape or tumor progression. Reducing the number of Treg cells in the IM or lowering the activity of Treg cells while preventing their reprogramming, can help promote the body’s anti-tumor immune responses. This review introduces a reprogramming mechanism of Treg cells in the IM; and discusses the regulation of Treg cells on tumor progression. The control of Treg cells and the response to Treg inflammatory reprogramming in tumor immunotherapy are analyzed and countermeasures are proposed. This work will provide a foundation for downregulating the immunosuppressive role of Treg in the inflammatory environment in future tumor immunotherapy.

Predicting mitophagy-related genes and unveiling liver endothelial cell heterogeneity in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

“…Specifically, we observed a strong positive correlation between the eight central MRGs and monocytic lineage, in contrast to a noteworthy negative correlation with B lineage and T cells. This underscores the intricate interplay between mitophagy and the immune response in the HIRI ( 58 ). Additionally, we uncovered a robust correlation between colony stimulating factors and MRGs, highlighting the significant influence that colony stimulating factors may exert on mitophagy in HIRI.…”

Therapeutic efficacy of rare earth carbonate with chemoradiotherapy in late-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a cohort prospective study

“…Common adverse reactions in the experimental group included lung infection, bone marrow suppression, and radiation pneumonitis. In the experimental cohort, the manifestation of radiation pneumonitis surpassed that observed in the control assembly, albeit without reaching a threshold of statistical significance to substantiate a meaningful divergence (50)(51)(52). Conversely, the comparative analysis revealed a notable decrement in the prevalence of both bone marrow suppression and pulmonary infections in the experimental contingent relative to the control group, a variation that attained statistical significance, thereby underscoring a potentially consequential differentiation in the adverse event profile between the two populations.This suggests that the overall safety of combined chemoradiotherapy and REC treatment is higher, with a lower risk of adverse reactions compared to chemoradiotherapy alone without REC treatment (53)(54)(55).The findings of this study, notably the improved ORR, PFS, and safety profile when incorporating sterilized REC with chemoradiotherapy, carry significant clinical implications for the treatment of late-stage NSCLC.…”

A Treg‐related riskscore model may improve the prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer

“…Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an important subtype of TIICs with two‐sided roles in the context of CRC 6 . On the one hand, an abundance of Tregs can inhibit the activity of effector T cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells, creating a sanctuary that shields cancer cells from immune recognition and elimination 7 . Through the secretion of pro‐angiogenic factors, Tregs facilitate the formation of new blood vessels, ensuring the nutrient supply for sustained tumor development 8 .…”

“…6 On the one hand, an abundance of Tregs can inhibit the activity of effector T cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells, creating a sanctuary that shields cancer cells from immune recognition and elimination. 7 Through the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors, Tregs facilitate the formation of new blood vessels, ensuring the nutrient supply for sustained tumor development. 8 Moreover, interactions between Tregs and other immune cells, such as myeloidderived suppressor cells, create a cooperative immunosuppressive network that fosters tumor immune evasion.…”