Repurposing metal containing wastes and mass-produced materials as electrocatalysts for water electrolysis

Abstract

The rapid transformation to renewable energy will require an equal uptake of energy storage technologies. Therefore, green hydrogen production via water electrolysis has been touted as a practical solution for...

Investigating the Potential Use of Ni‐Mn‐Co (NMC) Battery Materials as Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

“…The IUPAC declared the complete extinction of a few elements in next 100 years such as Cr, Ln, Co, As, Zn, Ga, Ge and Te due to their excessive use in the electronic industry and elements such as Ni, Mn, Li and Mg being categorised as having limited availability [35] . Therefore there has been an emergence of studies on recyled battery waste for electrocatalytic applications such as water splitting and fuel cell relevant reactions [36–43] . The NMC formulation of Li ion battery cathodes is of interest given previous work on studying these types of materials for water splitting.…”

“…[35] Therefore there has been an emergence of studies on recyled battery waste for electrocatalytic applications such as water splitting and fuel cell relevant reactions. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The NMC formulation of Li ion battery cathodes is of interest given previous work on studying these types of materials for water splitting. Sivakumar et al, [44] worked on different compositions of Ni, Mn and Co oxides for their OER performance.…”

Measuring the Performance of a Strategic Asset Management Plan through a Balanced Scorecard

“…Since the earth's natural resources are scarce and finite [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], there is a need to better manage these resources. Some authors claim that an efficient utilization of natural resources improves the economic advancement results [46][47][48], while other authors reinforce the need to reduce waste and reuse equipment at the end of their lives as well as whether to rebuild them [49,50]. At this point, it is important to emphasize the importance of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, redesign, and remanufacture [51].…”

Repurposing the current collector of a car battery module into a bifunctional electrode for overall electrochemical water splitting

“…34,[38][39][40] One particular opportunity in this area is to use recovered materials for electrocatalytic applications, in particular electrochemical water splitting as many battery chemistries possess compositions that are amenable to these reactions. 41,42 For example, Chen et al, 43 converted LiCoO 2 from spent lithium-ion batteries into efficient electrocatalysts for the OER. Babar et al, 44 developed a pathway to utilise e-waste from waste copper wires with efficient OER performance while Farzana et al, 15 synthesised Mn 3 O 4 from a spent Zn-C battery, with high electrochemical performance for the OER in an alkaline electrolyte.…”