Context:
Symptoms of depression and cardiovascular disease overlap substantially. Differentiating between dimensions of depressive symptoms may improve our understanding of the relationship between depression and physical health.
Objective:
To compare symptom dimensions of depression as predictors of cardiovascular-related death and events among women with suspected myocardial ischemia.
Design:
Cohort study of women with suspected myocardial ischemia who were evaluated at baseline for history of cardiovascular-related problems, depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and coronary artery disease severity via coronary angiogram. Principal components analyses (PCA) of the BDI items were conducted to examine differential cardiovascular prognosis according to symptom dimensions of depression.
Setting:
The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE), a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)–sponsored multi-center study assessing cardiovascular function using state-of-the-art techniques in women referred for coronary angiography to evaluate chest pain or suspected myocardial ischemia.
Participants:
550 women (mean age = 58.4 [11.2] years) enrolled in WISE and followed for a median of 5.8 years.
Main Outcome Measures:
Cardiovascular-related mortality and events (stroke, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure).
Results:
Using a three-factor structure from PCA, somatic/affective (hazards ratio [HR]=1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04-1.74) and appetitive (HR=1.42, 95%CI=1.21-1.68) but not cognitive/affective (HR=.89, 95%CI=.70-1.14) symptoms predicted cardiovascular prognosis in adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis. Using a two-factor structure from PCA, adjusted results indicated that somatic (HR=1.63, 95% CI=1.28-2.08) but not cognitive/affective (HR=.87, 95% CI=.68-1.11) symptoms predicted worse prognosis.
Conclusions:
In a sample of women with suspected myocardial ischemia, somatic but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular-related mortality and events. These results support the need to research dimensions of depression in CVD populations and have implications for understanding the connection between depression and CVD.
Unstructured Abstract
Differentiating between dimensions of depressive symptoms may improve our understanding of the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined depressive symptom dimensions as predictors of cardiovascular-related death and events among women undergoing coronary angiography to evaluate suspected myocardial ischemia (n=550; mean age=58.4 [11.2] years). Baseline evaluation included depressive symptom assessment using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and coronary artery disease severity testing via coronary angiogram. Incidence of the women's cardiovascular-related mortality and events (stroke, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure) was tracked for a median of 5.8 years. Principal components an...