Executive development can only be properly conceptualized as a part of the state's overall human resource development (HRD) system. As a part of that system, the special needs and constraints of executive development can be addressed. Some of the best human resource development systems build level by level, with executive development as the logical and integrated conclusion, even though the programs may be housed in a variety of settings. As background, this article discusses the differences in the four levels of HRD, the three major skill areas that are identified with each of these levels, and the four features that characterize good human resource systems. It concentrates on the features that characterize good executive development systems and also includes a number of examples of good executive development systems in the federal and state government sectors.
Montgomery Van Wart, D.P.A., is the Director of the AdvancedPublic Executive Program at Ari zona State University. He has conducted over a dozen exten sive executive programs for fed eral, state, and local government as well as university administra tors. His book, Handbook of Training and Development for the Public Sector: A Comprehensive Guide, was published this year by Jossey-Bass.
The Levels of DevelopmentThere are four levels of training and development: employee, super visory, management and executive. Each of these levels has different perceived needs, commitment issues, design concerns, and evaluation problems. In the overall human resource development system, employee programs are usually developed first, followed by supervisory, manage-