Research advances in gestational, neonatal diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders

Abstract

Editorial on the Research TopicResearch advances in gestational, neonatal diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most common disorders affecting people of all ages across the globe from neonates to seniors (1). Indeed, DM has emerged as one of the major health concerns of this century with a huge economic burden that continues to grow, especially in low and middle-income counties (2). In addition to type 1 and II diabetes (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (3) and neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) are now more frequently reported (4). GDM poses significant dangers not only for the mother but also for the developing fetus (5). Unlike the common forms of diabetes, the causes and associated complications of GDM and NDM are not yet completely understood. However, diabetes may also be associated with metabolic syndromes (MetS), a medical term used for a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), and obesity (6). Diabetes also creates a greater risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and other conditions affecting blood vessels, and notably in pregnancy, a relationship has been established between maternal MetS, GDM, and pregnancy outcomes (7). The current Research Topic aimed to collect studies reporting advancements in clinical and basic research related to GDM, NDM, and associated metabolic disorders. After a rigorous process of selection and review, the current volume presents an authoritative collection of 20 research articles exploring new dimensions in this topic.Firstly, introducing major players in metabolic disorders, Zhen et al. reviewed the role of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the pathogenesis and development of several human endocrine and metabolic diseases. KYNA is a signaling molecule and a major player in metabolic diseases inclusive of diabetes and obesity. Their study promotes the notion that Frontiers in Endocrinology frontiersin.org 01

Oral probiotics increased the proportion of Treg, Tfr, and Breg cells to inhibit the inflammatory response and impede gestational diabetes mellitus

“…A growing number of studies suggest that dysregulated gut microbiota increases adiposity, β-cell dysfunction, metabolic endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, ultimately driving the development of T2DM (Galicia-Garcia et al 2020 ; Fang et al 2022 ; Zhou et al 2022 ). Furthermore, the question of whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can result in neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) or postpartum diabetes is of significant importance (Bukhari et al 2022a , b ). The higher relative abundance of Prevotellaceae was associated with obesity and impaired glucose metabolism (Zheng et al 2021 ).…”

Editorial: Relationship between gestational and neonatal diabetes mellitus

“…Moreover, the scientific consensus is lacking regarding the proper diagnosis of GDM and its unreported effects on the fetus (5). Recently, we published a series of reports describing various causes, comorbidities and diagnostic approaches for GDM and NDM (6). The current research topic aimed to collect studies reporting advancements in clinical and basic research related to GDM, NDM, and associated metabolic disorders.…”