Research advances in the anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Zhang, Ruining; Xie, Qingxing; Lu, Xi; Fan, Rongping; Tong, Nanwei

doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01325-9

Diabetol Metab Syndr

2024

DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01325-9

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Research advances in the anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ruining Zhang,

Qingxing Xie,

Xi Lu

et al.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most significant global burden diseases. It is well established that a chronic, systemic, low-grade inflammatory condition is strongly correlated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and the development of target-organ damage (TOD). Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLTis), novel oral drugs for the treatment of diabetes, act mainly by reducing glucose reabsorption in proximal renal tubules and/or the intestine. Several high-quality clinical trials and large observational … Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

References 113 publications

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Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: A retrospective case series

Sundra,

Knowles,

Rendle

et al. 2025

Domestic Animal Endocrinology

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Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: A retrospective case series

Sundra,

Knowles,

Rendle

et al. 2025

Domestic Animal Endocrinology

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy

Lu,

Xie,

Pan

et al. 2024

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease characterized by heterogeneously progressive loss of islet β cell insulin secretion usually occurring after the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and it is one component of metabolic syndrome (MS), and we named it metabolic dysfunction syndrome (MDS). The pathogenesis of T2D is not fully understood, with IR and β cell dysfunction playing central roles in its pathophysiology. Dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, along with other metabolic disorders, results in IR and/or islet β cell dysfunction via some shared pathways, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), oxidative stress, and ectopic lipid deposition. There is currently no cure for T2D, but it can be prevented or in remission by lifestyle intervention and/or some medication. If prevention fails, holistic and personalized management should be taken as soon as possible through timely detection and diagnosis, considering target organ protection, comorbidities, treatment goals, and other factors in reality. T2D is often accompanied by other components of MDS, such as preobesity/obesity, metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, dyslipidemia, which usually occurs before it, and they are considered as the upstream diseases of T2D. It is more appropriate to call “diabetic complications” as “MDS-related target organ damage (TOD)”, since their development involves not only hyperglycemia but also other metabolic disorders of MDS, promoting an up-to-date management philosophy. In this review, we aim to summarize the underlying mechanism, screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of T2D, especially regarding the personalized selection of hypoglycemic agents and holistic management based on the concept of “MDS-related TOD”.

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Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Emerging Therapeutic Modality?

Batinac,

Batičić,

Kršek

et al. 2024

JCDD

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Maintaining the physiological function of the vascular endothelium and endothelial glycocalyx is crucial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Damage to these structures can lead to atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other cardiovascular problems, especially in individuals with risk factors such as diabetes and obesity. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with ischemic disease and has a negative impact on overall cardiovascular health. The aim of this review was to comprehensively summarize the crucial role of the vascular endothelium and glycocalyx in cardiovascular health and associated thrombo-inflammatory conditions. It highlights how endothelial dysfunction, influenced by factors such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, leads to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including heart failure. Recent evidence suggests that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may offer therapeutic benefits in the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. This review presents the current evidence on the mechanisms by which HBOT promotes angiogenesis, shows antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, enhances antioxidant defenses, and stimulates stem cell activity. The latest findings on important topics will be presented, including the effects of HBOT on endothelial dysfunction, cardiac function, atherosclerosis, plaque stability, and endothelial integrity. In addition, the role of HBOT in alleviating cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, aging, obesity, and glucose metabolism regulation is discussed, along with its impact on inflammation in cardiovascular disease and its potential benefit in ischemia–reperfusion injury. While HBOT demonstrates significant therapeutic potential, the review also addresses potential risks associated with excessive oxidative stress and oxygen toxicity. By combining information on the molecular mechanisms of HBOT and its effects on the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, this review provides valuable insights into the development of innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at protecting and restoring endothelial function to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

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Research advances in the anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 4 publications

References 113 publications

Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: A retrospective case series

Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: A retrospective case series

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy

Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Emerging Therapeutic Modality?

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