Research and analysis on lidar performance with intrinsic fluorescence biological aerosol measurements

Abstract

Biological aerosols which could cause diseases of human beings, animals and plants, are living particles suspended in the atmosphere. Ultraviolet laser induced fluorescence has been developed as a standard technique used to discriminate between biological and non-biological particles. As an effective tool of remote sensing, fluorescence lidar is capable of detecting concentration of biological aerosols with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Intrinsic fluorescence, one of the most important characteristics of biological aerosols, has quite a large effect on the performances of fluorescence lidar. To investigate the effects of intrinsic fluorescence on biological aerosols, we design an ultraviolet laser induced fluorescence lidar at an excited wavelength of 266 nm, with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Fluorescence signals are collected by a Cassegrain telescope with a diameter of 254 mm, in which fluorescence spectra of 300-800 nm are mainly considered. A spectrograph and a multichannel photomultiplier tube (PMT) array detector are employed to achieve the fine separation and highefficiency detection of fluorescence signals. According to the present configuration, we perform a series of simulations to estimate the measurement range and the concentration resolution of biological aerosols, with a certain pulse energy. With a relative error less than 10%, theoretical analysis shows that designed fluorescence lidar is able to detect the biological aerosols within a range of 1.5 km at a concentration of 1000 particles·L-1. When the detection distance enlarges to 2.1 km, detectable wavelength range is limited to 300-310 nm. In addition, the lidar is capable of identifying minimum concentrations of biological aerosols with 2 particles·L-1 and 4 particles·L-1 at fluorescence wavelengths of 350 nm and 600 nm, respectively, where the induced pulse energy is set to be 60 mJ and detected range 0.1 km. With setting energies of 40 mJ and 20 mJ, minimum concentrations of biological aerosols decrease to 3 particles·L-1 and 6 particles·L-1, respectively, at a fluorescence wavelength of 350 nm. The relative error of minimum concentration resolution is about 2 particles·L-1, increasing rapidly with range. For a fluorescence wavelength of 600 nm, both the minimum concentration and the relative error show relatively high values, 5 particles·L-1 at 40 mJ and 10 particles·L-1 at 20 mJ, where the relative errors are found to be 2 particles·L-1 and 4 particles·L-1, respectively. The results prove that a shorter intrinsic fluorescence wavelength has a better effect on biological aerosol measurement. We believe that a proper intrinsic fluorescence wavelength will further improve the detection accuracy of biological aerosols.

Efficient V-Shaped Substrate for Surface and Volume Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Bioaerosol: Prevention from Potential Health Risk

“…Therefore, developing efficient and accurate detection and analysis of bioaerosols is very important for evaluating the potential risk and guaranteeing the safety of human and other organisms’ lives and health. , Considerable numbers of detection techniques for bioaerosols have been developed over many past generations. ,− Traditional detection techniques mainly rely upon culture methods due to their rare abundance, and this type of technique is routinely time-consuming and only 0.1–15% of microorganisms in the air can be cultured. , In light of this reasoning, culture-independent detection techniques receive much interest and have been rapidly developed in recent decades, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), etc . Nevertheless, in most cases, these methods are costly and complicated to perform, thus leaving them difficult to adapt to daily and on-site rapid analysis scenarios . For example, PCR analysis is a technology that detects biological samples by dramatically increasing the amount of DNA in minute quantities, and the detection process mainly comprises three procedures: (i) sample preparation, (ii) nucleic acid extraction and purification, and (iii) PCR reaction and measurement analysis.…”

“…13 Nevertheless, in most cases, these methods are costly and complicated to perform, thus leaving them difficult to adapt to daily and on-site rapid analysis scenarios. 14 For example, PCR analysis is a technology that detects biological samples by dramatically increasing the amount of DNA in minute quantities, and the detection process mainly comprises three procedures: (i) sample preparation, (ii) nucleic acid extraction and purification, and (iii) PCR reaction and measurement analysis. On this basis, one could note that the preprocessing and amplification processes increase the detection time.…”