Research and Development in Magnesium Alloys for Industrial and Biomedical Applications: A Review

Ramalingam, Vaira Vignesh; Padmanaban, R.; Kovukkal, Mohan Das; Govindaraju, M.

doi:10.1007/s12540-019-00346-8

Cited by 211 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…While magnesium is considered a biocompatible element that naturally exists in bone tissue, its alloying elements have shown toxicity in the body, and choosing biocompatible alloying elements is a vital factor for biomedical applications. Conventional commercial magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ91, AE21, LAE442, and WE436) [ 118 , 119 ] have been used in the fabrication of biomaterials, and on top of them, newly designed Mg–Ca-based, Mg–Zn-based, Mg–Si-based, Mg–Sr-based, Mg–RE-based, and Mg–Cu-based alloys have emerged. Nevertheless, AZ alloys usually contain a small amount of aluminum, and WE436 contains zirconium [ 119 ].…”

Section: Metallic Biomaterials For Medical Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review

2021

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Metallic materials are widely used for fabricating medical implants due to their high specific strength, biocompatibility, good corrosion properties, and fatigue resistance. Recently, titanium (Ti) and its alloys, as well as stainless steel (SS), have attracted attention from researchers because of their biocompatibility properties within the human body; however, improvements in mechanical properties while keeping other beneficial properties unchanged are still required. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a unique process for fabricating an ultra-fine-grained (UFG) metal with micrometer- to nanometer-level grain structures. SPD methods can substantially refine grain size and represent a promising strategy for improving biological functionality and mechanical properties. This present review paper provides an overview of different SPD techniques developed to create nano-/ultra-fine-grain-structured Ti and stainless steel for improved biomedical implant applications. Furthermore, studies will be covered that have used SPD techniques to improve bone cell proliferation and function while decreasing bacterial colonization when cultured on such nano-grained metals (without resorting to antibiotic use).

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Section: Metallic Biomaterials For Medical Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review

2021

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“…For their good mechanical and thermal properties, magnesium and its alloys have attracted more and more attention in many industrial fields, such as automobile, aerospace, and medical instruments (Pan et al, 2018;Ramalingam et al, 2019;Venkatraman and Swamiappan, 2020). Nevertheless, the application of Mg alloys is largely limited due to its poor corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating Fabricated on Magnesium Under Two Steps Current-Decreasing Mode

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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A concept of two-steps current-decreasing mode derived from constant current mode was developed to fabricate micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings on ZK60 magnesium alloy in a dual electrolyte system. The growth characteristics of coatings were analyzed by voltage-time curves, and the coating microstructures were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the roughness, corrosion behavior, and microhardness of MAO coatings were investigated. The results show that the MAO coatings exhibit a smooth and compact surface, and have improved hardness, higher thickness, smaller roughness, and uneven distribution of holes. Such positive characteristics result in improved corrosion resistance of MAO coatings. The coating produced under the two-steps current mode of "1.2-0.6A" shows a smaller corrosion rate of 0.1559 g/m 2 •h compared with the one produced under the other mode. The results of nanoscratch tests show that the coating fabricated by "1.2-0.6 A" mode has strong bond strength with the substrate. Under this optimized mode, the MAO process also has the lowest energy consumption of 49.8 W/(dm 2 •µm).

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“…However, magnesium and its alloys are highly electronegative affecting its corrosion resistance in humid environments, fresh water, seawater, most organic or inorganic acids and their salts [4,8,9]. Further, the oxide layer formed on the surface of magnesium alloys is not protective since it has a Pilling-Bedworth ratio <1, being porous, incomplete and vulnerable to humid environments [10,11]. For these reasons, a surface treatment of magnesium alloys is almost mandatory in order to improve its corrosion resistance and thereby extend its use to other applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights on the influence of low frequency pulsed current on the characteristics of PEO coatings formed on AZ31B

Toro

Zuleta

Correa

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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In this work, anodic oxide layers on the surface of an AZ31 magnesium alloy were obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process under low frequency pulsed current. For this, electrolytical solutions containing hexamethylenetetramine and sodium fluoride were used. The morphology and chemical composition of formed coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, salt spray test, hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) were conducted in order to study the corrosion behavior of the coated samples. It was found that the use of low frequency pulsed current for the PEO process reduces the film porosity and increases its thickness, compared with PEO films obtained by continuous anodization. The effect of the pulsed current signal was also analyzed for a two steps PEO process, observing changes in the morphological characteristics of the coatings which allow a better corrosion according electrochemical tests (short term corrosion measurements). However, long term tests results as hydrogen evolution and salt spray tests, indicated the opposite. Both the film porosity and thickness were affected by either the pulsing of the current or the use of a two-step process.

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Research and Development in Magnesium Alloys for Industrial and Biomedical Applications: A Review

Cited by 211 publications

References 212 publications

Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review

Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review

Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating Fabricated on Magnesium Under Two Steps Current-Decreasing Mode

New insights on the influence of low frequency pulsed current on the characteristics of PEO coatings formed on AZ31B

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