“…A number of different types of nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles (micelles, spheres, capsules), polymeric complex nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, nano-caseins, nanocrystals, electrospun nano-fibers, electro-sprayed nano-particles, nano-spray dried particles, covalent organic frameworks, hydrogels, inorganic nanoparticles (silica, iron, gold, titanium, carbon based nanoparticles) as well as hybrid nanoparticles (organic-inorganic based structures) have been developed. The research is focused on their in vivo absorption, permeation, and release together with toxicity, residual solvents, and biological fate during digestion, absorption, and excretion [ 59 , 60 , 82 , 83 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ].…”