Research Approaches for Improved Pro-Poor Control of Zoonoses

Schelling, Esther; Willingham, A. L.; Randolph, Thomas F.

doi:10.1177/15648265070282s214

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Brucellosis is transmitted from animals to people often through consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products [12–15], but direct contact, particularly with livestock abortion material, is more important among livestock-keeping communities. The disease is rarely fatal in people but causes high morbidity in both animals and humans [16, 17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of brucellosis seropositivity in Bactrian camels of Mongolia

Bayasgalan

Chultemdorj

Roth³

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundMore information on brucellosis epidemiology in Bactrian camels is needed due to their growing economic and livelihood importance for herders and renewed efforts in Mongolia to eliminate brucellosis through mass vaccination of ruminants excluding camels. Brucellosis prevalence in camels increased over the past two decades. Random multi-stage cluster surveys were done in the Eastern provinces of Dornod and Sukhbaatar in 2013 and 2014 and in the Southern & Western provinces of Dornogobi, Umnogobi and Khovd in 2014 and 2015. A total of 1822 camels, 1155 cattle, and 3023 small ruminant sera were collected and tested with the Rose Bengal Test. In addition, 195 vaginal swabs and 250 milk samples for bacteriological culture were taken from livestock with history of abortion.ResultsThe overall apparent seroprevalence in camels was 2.3% (95% confidence interval 1.6–3.3). The main risk factor for camel seropositivity was being in an Eastern province when compared to Southern & Western provinces (odds ratio 13.2, 95% CI 5.3–32.4). Camel seroprevalences were stable over the two consecutive survey years, despite introduction of ruminant vaccination: 5.7% (95% CI 3.1–10.2%) and 5.8% (3.3–10.1%) in Eastern provinces and 0.4% (0.2–1.2%) and 0.5% (0.1–2.0%) in Southern & Western provinces. We isolated Brucella abortus from camels and cattle. Camel seropositivity was associated to keeping cattle together with camels. Monitoring of vaccination campaigns showed that coverage in cattle was insufficient because animals could not be adequately restrained.ConclusionsThe present study reveals that brucellosis is present with important seroprevalence in Mongolian camels and was endemic in Eastern provinces. Camel herd seropositivity was most closely associated to infection in cattle.Longer term monitoring is needed to assess whether camel seroprevalance decreases with ongoing vaccination in Mongolia. This should be coupled with further confirmation on Brucella spp. isolates. To date, only Brucella abortus was isolated, but camels are also susceptible to Brucella melitensis. Clear verbal and written information on disease prevention in livestock and household members is important, particularly for remote camel herders who had only moderate knowledge on brucellosis epidemiology and preventive measures.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1664-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of brucellosis seropositivity in Bactrian camels of Mongolia

Bayasgalan

Chultemdorj

Roth³

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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“…[1][2][3] It follows that challenges in public health require a multidisciplinary approach. 4 Effective public health researchers need to be literate in other research approaches and methods in addition to having a thorough grounding in their own discipline. They should understand that there are alternative ways of generating knowledge, and should have an appreciation of the theoretical basis to different research methods and the importance of matching methods to specific research goals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building the capacity to solve complex health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa: CARTA’S multidisciplinary PhD training

Fonn

Egesah

Cole

et al. 2016

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES:To develop a curriculum (Joint Advanced Seminars [JASs]) that produced PhD fellows who understood that health is an outcome of multiple determinants within complex environments and that approaches from a range of disciplines is required to address health and development within the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA). We sought to attract PhD fellows, supervisors and teaching faculty from a range of disciplines into the program. METHODS:Multidisciplinary teams developed the JAS curriculum. CARTA PhD fellowships were open to academics in consortium member institutions, irrespective of primary discipline, interested in doing a PhD in public and population health. Supervisors and JAS faculty were recruited from CARTA institutions. We use routine JAS evaluation data (closed and open-ended questions) collected from PhD fellows at every JAS, a survey of one CARTA cohort, and an external evaluation of CARTA to assess the impact of the JAS curriculum on learning. RESULTS:We describe our pedagogic approach, arguing its centrality to an appreciation of multiple disciplines, and illustrate how it promotes working in multidisciplinary ways. CARTA has attracted PhD fellows, supervisors and JAS teaching faculty from across a range of disciplines. Evaluations indicate PhD fellows have a greater appreciation of how disciplines other than their own are important to understanding health and its determinants and an appreciation and capacity to employ mixed methods research. CONCLUSIONS:In the short term, we have been effective in promoting an understanding of multidisciplinarity, resulting in fellows using methods from beyond their discipline of origin. This curriculum has international application. I n the complex world we live in, social, physical, historical, and other contextual factors impact on both the distribution and prevalence of disease and on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent or reduce disease.1-3 It follows that challenges in public health require a multidisciplinary approach. 4Effective public health researchers need to be literate in other research approaches and methods in addition to having a thorough grounding in their own discipline. They should understand that there are alternative ways of generating knowledge, and should have an appreciation of the theoretical basis to different research methods and the importance of matching methods to specific research goals. This requires familiarity with the philosophy of science (ontology and epistemology) and facilitates interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research approaches.Various multi-, inter-and transdisciplinary programs have been developed with the aim of enabling scholars to engage in collaborative research.5-7 Here we describe the development, delivery and process evaluation of the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), which aims to develop a critical mass of effective researchers in public health in sub-Saharan Africa. One impetus for developing CARTA, consequent on the scarcity ...

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“…The lesson from these experiences was largely forgotten until the wake-up call of bird flu. It is now generally accepted that control of zoonoses is best managed by multisectoral initiatives grounded in epidemiological studies, with an indepth understanding of the variables that influence disease emergence and transmission (Schelling et al 2007). Effective interventions must be grounded in the local context as well as in knowledge of disease transmission pathways; participatory methods have proved a powerful tool for engaging stakeholders and fostering positive change.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lesson from these experiences was sometimes forgotten, until bird flu came as a wake-up call. Control of zoonoses is best managed by multisectoral initiatives grounded in epidemiological studies that identify the variables that influence disease emergence and transmission (Schelling et al 2007). Effective interventions need to be contextually adapted to local conditions, on the basis of knowledge of disease transmission pathways.…”

Section: Agriculture-based Interventions Are Essential For the Contromentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioversity International

2015

The SAGE Encyclopedia of World Poverty

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Research Approaches for Improved Pro-Poor Control of Zoonoses

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Risk factors of brucellosis seropositivity in Bactrian camels of Mongolia

Risk factors of brucellosis seropositivity in Bactrian camels of Mongolia

Building the capacity to solve complex health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa: CARTA’S multidisciplinary PhD training

Bioversity International

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