Research Article: Participation of patients with chronic illness in nursing care: An Iranian perspective

Abstract

The increasing number of chronically ill people has served as an impetus for the promotion of patient participation in nursing care. However, little is known about patient participation in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that are relevant to patient participation and the nature of that participation, as experienced by chronically ill patients and registered nurses in Iran. Grounded theory was used as the method. Twenty-two participants were recruited by using purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were generated by semistructured interviews and participant observations. Constant comparison was used for the data analysis. This study indicated that participation is an interactive process between nurses, patients, and family members in the caregiving context. Participation occurred when the caring agents worked together. The core category of "convergence of the caring agents" emerged. The subcategories emerged as the levels of participation and included "adhering", "involving", "sharing", and "true participation". The factors related to the caring agents and caregiving context could be considered as predictors of the level of participation when caring for these patients.

Patient participation in hospital care: Nursing staffs' point of view

“…). The classification of these factors into three related categories facilitates a better presentation of the data, because in daily clinical practice they coexist and interact with each other in varying degrees …”

“…The patient‐related factors refer to personal characteristics and patient's physical and mental attributes . Nursing staff from medical wards supported more often patients' capabilities affecting the level of participation, as well as staff under 37 years old and less experienced.…”

Challenges in achieving patient participation: A review of how patient participation is addressed in empirical studies

“…Old age combined with frailty presented poor conditions for participation (Efraimsson et al, 2004(Efraimsson et al, , 2006, making it more difficult for nurses to encourage the patient (Larsson et al, 2007) and facilitate participation (Almborg et al, 2009;Tutton, 2003Tutton, , 2005. Furthermore, participation depended on the patients' competencies and desire for participation (Aadal and Kirkevold, 2011;Helgesen et al, 2010;Schoot et al, 2005;Soleimani, 2010).…”

“…This implied morals based on humanistic values. Soleimani (2010) A grounded theory study with interviews and participant observation of 9 chronic ill patient, 8 nurses, and 5 family members.…”

Representações sociais dos usuários hospitalizados sobre cidadania: implicações para o cuidado hospitalar

“…The relationships between professionals, patients and their families need to strengthened, extending beyond the authoritarian/ paternalistic dimension of the relationships, expanding the autonomy of patients in their therapeutic process (5,26) . On this particular point, an excellent study was conducted about patient participation in nursing care in Iran, where care agents worked together in an interactive process established between nurses, patients and family (27) . It should be emphasized, however, that the citizenship of patients is not achieved simply by changing the care approach; for this to happen, a change is also needed in management since both are inextricably linked to each other.…”