Research design influence on study outcomes in crime and justice: a partial replication with public area surveillance

Welsh, Brandon C.; Peel, Meghan E.; Farrington, David P.; Elffers, Henk; Braga, Anthony A.

doi:10.1007/s11292-010-9117-1

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The difference in results between the present study (20% overall reduction in reconvictions) and the previous evaluation of Citizenship (31% reduction in reconvictions) was anticipated since it supports conclusions from reviews suggesting that stronger research designs are less likely to obtain statistically significant positive outcomes (Weisburd et al, 2001;Welsh et al, 2011). Although the methodological differences were likely to produce different results (i.e., a RCT in Teesside and a quasi-experimental study in County Durham), there were, however, other more practical differences between the studies that have had an impact.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Evaluation of the Citizenship Evidence-Based Probation Supervision Program Using a Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Pearson

McDougall

Kanaan

et al. 2014

Crime & Delinquency

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This study evaluated a Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) evidence-based offender supervision program, Citizenship, using a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Citizenship has a cognitive-behavioral basis and focuses on education, increasing motivation to change, and community integration. The RCT is a stepped wedge cluster randomized design that has rarely been used in criminal justice and overcomes some ethical objections to RCT implementation. Participants were all medium-and high-risk offenders commencing probation supervision (N = 1,091) in any one of the six office units during the 1-year rollout of the program. Overall, there was a nonsignificant 20% effect of Citizenship in reducing reconvictions. However,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Evaluation of the Citizenship Evidence-Based Probation Supervision Program Using a Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Pearson

McDougall

Kanaan

et al. 2014

Crime & Delinquency

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This calculation is above Cohen's standard for a medium effect of 0.50 and below that of a large effect at 0.80 (18). Although there is evidence that quasi-experimental studies in crime and justice may exaggerate program outcomes (66,70), the overall effect size is still relatively large compared with assessments of interventions in crime and justice work more generally. In their Campbell review, Braga & Weisburd (14) noted that the only focused deterrence intervention to investigate the existence of spillover effects on gang violence was the Los Angeles evaluation carried out by Tita et al (60).…”

Section: Scientific Evidence On Gun Violence Reduction Impactsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Focused Deterrence and the Prevention of Violent Gun Injuries: Practice, Theoretical Principles, and Scientific Evidence

Braga

Weisburd

2015

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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Focused deterrence strategies are a relatively new addition to a growing portfolio of evidence-based violent gun injury prevention practices available to policy makers and practitioners. These strategies seek to change offender behavior by understanding the underlying violence-producing dynamics and conditions that sustain recurring violent gun injury problems and by implementing a blended strategy of law enforcement, community mobilization, and social service actions. Consistent with documented public health practice, the focused deterrence approach identifies underlying risk factors and causes of recurring violent gun injury problems, develops tailored responses to these underlying conditions, and measures the impact of implemented interventions. This article reviews the practice, theoretical principles, and evaluation evidence on focused deterrence strategies. Although more rigorous randomized studies are needed, the available empirical evidence suggests that these strategies generate noteworthy gun violence reduction impacts and should be part of a broader portfolio of violence prevention strategies available to policy makers and practitioners.

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“…Wilkinson & Task Force on Statistical Inference, 1999), recent reviews in crime and justice suggest that weaker research designs often lead to more positive outcomes (e.g. see Weisburd, Lum, & Perosino, 2001;Welsh, Peel, Farrington, Elffers, & Braga, 2011). This does not mean that nonexperimental studies cannot be of high quality, but only that there is evidence that nonex-7.…”

Section: Program Type and Research Design As Effect Size Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Hot Spots Policing on Crime: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Braga¹,

Papachristos²,

Hureau³

2012

Justice Quarterly

Self Cite

545

350

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In recent years, crime scholars and practitioners have pointed to the potential benefits of focusing police crime prevention efforts on crime places. Research suggests that there is significant clustering of crime in small places or "hot spots." A number of researchers have argued that crime problems can be reduced more efficiently if police officers focused their attention to these deviant places. In this article, we update and improve upon a previously completed Campbell Collaboration systematic review of the effects of hot spots policing and crime. Meta-analyses were used to determine the size, direction, and statistical significance of the overall impact of hot spots policing strategies on crime. The results of our research suggests that hot spots policing generates small but noteworthy crime reductions, and these crime control benefits diffuse into areas immediately surrounding targeted crime hot spots. Our analyses find that problem-oriented policing interventions generate larger mean effect sizes when compared to interventions that simply increase levels of traditional police actions in crime hot spots. We also find Anthony A. Braga is a Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Rutgers University and a Senior Research Fellow in the Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management at Harvard University. Dr. Braga's research involves collaborating with criminal justice, social service, and communitybased organizations to address illegal access to firearms, reduce gang and group-involved violence, and control crime hot spots. His most recent book is Policing that only a small number of studies examine the impacts of hot spots policing on police-community relations. The extant research on this topic, however, suggests that community members have positive reactions to these focused policing actions.

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Research design influence on study outcomes in crime and justice: a partial replication with public area surveillance

Cited by 70 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of the Citizenship Evidence-Based Probation Supervision Program Using a Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Evaluation of the Citizenship Evidence-Based Probation Supervision Program Using a Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Focused Deterrence and the Prevention of Violent Gun Injuries: Practice, Theoretical Principles, and Scientific Evidence

The Effects of Hot Spots Policing on Crime: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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