Research, development, and demonstration needs for large-scale, reliability-enhancing, integration of distributed energy resources

Operation and control strategies of integrated distributed energy resources: A review

“…In [39], Eto et al intended to put the foundation for a multi-year research program that is imperative to ease the transition to integration of large scale distributed energy resources into the existing distribution infrastructure. They summarized the technical requirements for such transition through describing (1) the five market development scenarios for distributed energy resources and (2) likely customer and utility needs or applications for distributed energy resources within the market development scenarios.…”

A suitable power transfer control system for interconnection converter of DC microgrids

“…Note that each local controller of a µG should be coordinated by the µG central controller which is responsible for the optimization of the µG operation [1], [8].…”

“…Local aggregation of DG systems and electrical loads results in a Microgrid (µG). In order to meet energy, reliability, power quality, power back-up and peak shaving needs and to allow sharing of resources within a common infrastructure, multiple µGs could be interconnected resulting in a power park [1]. The DC Microgrid (DCµG) concept and consequently, DC power parks have provided a new paradigm for future distribution power systems.…”

“…• µGs will be designed and controlled to meet local requirements according to their own independent operational standards and reliability and power quality guidelines [1], [4]- [7]. As a result, DCµGs will most probably have different DC voltage levels.…”

An adaptive droop voltage control for DC microgrid systems

“…Microgrids are Low Voltage distribution networks. They comprise various distributed generators, storage devices and controllable loads and a microgrid can operate either interconnected or isolated from the conventional utility grid as a controlled entity [1][2][3][4][5]. There are AC-bus microgrids, DC-bus microgrids or microgrids with both AC and DC zones.…”