This study delves deeply into the interrelationship between urban primary school students' psychological resilience and their academic emotions, shedding light on the transformative impact of cognitive behavioral group counseling on enhancing psychological resilience. With a sample size of 575 students across five schools in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, we distributed meticulously designed questionnaires. Our findings elucidate that a robust psychological resilience not only augments positive academic emotions (t = 0.374, 0.591, P < 0.01) but also diminishes the prevalence of negative ones (t= -0.541, -0.664, P < 0.01).Taking our research a notch higher, we enlisted 36 students and bifurcated them into two distinct groups: experimental and control. While the former underwent a structured regimen of cognitive behavioral group counseling designed to boost psychological resilience, the latter participated in after-school sports activities. Pre-intervention assessments showcased negligible disparities in both psychological resilience and academic emotions between the groups (P > 0.05). However, post-intervention revealed a notable enhancement in the psychological resilience of the experimental group (t = 2.546, P < 0.05). This group also demonstrated a significant upswing in positive academic emotions compared to the control group (t = 2.546, 3.607, P < 0.01) and a marked reduction in negative academic emotions (t=-3.761, -2.038, P < 0.05).The symbiotic relationship between psychological resilience and academic emotions in urban primary school students becomes evident through our study. Moreover, the prowess of cognitive behavioral group counseling as a potent tool for elevating psychological resilience and academic emotions is undeniably showcased. Such profound revelations carry monumental implications for educators and psychologists who are passionate about cultivating a student populace that is not only academically inclined but also emotionally balanced and resilient.