Research in Analog Environments to Enable Studies of Ocean Worlds

Abstract

Analog environments on Earth enable scientists to answer research questions about extraterrestrial ocean worlds that would be otherwise inaccessible. Because of their relative ease of sampling and close proximity to research facilities, utilization of analog environments allows scientists to undertake many investigations for the cost of a single planetary mission. In addition to direct in situ sampling, modeling approaches can be useful as can cost-effective tools both for determining whether a moon or planet is a suitable Earth analog and for designing strategies to sample extraterrestrial analog environments. Reconfigured Earth system models can help determine if conditions on other ocean worlds are suitable to support life. Finally, space exploration has made the protection of Earth’s environment and other solar system bodies from harmful contamination a high priority at both the national and international levels. Because NASA’s planetary exploration priorities emphasize robotic exploration, the US National Academies recently recommended that studies, workshops, and brainstorming sessions organized by NASA and other space agencies need to include a sufficiently broad range of microbiologists to ensure planetary protection. This will require the development and implementation of mechanisms for creating partnerships between Earth scientists and planetary scientists to test planetary protection solutions at field analog sites.

Applying Understanding of Earth Systems, Including Climate Change, to Exploration of Other Ocean Worlds

“…Looking at Earth's analogs may be key. Future work by the planetary and Earth-focused sea-ice communities should include understanding the marine and terrestrial processes that can be extrapolated to icy worlds, including modeling studies (Arrigo, 2022, andGlass et al, 2022, both in this issue). Because pressure governs temperature at the ice-ocean interface, the mechanisms at ice-ocean and ocean-rock interfaces have the highest potential for evaluating change at variable timescales on Earth and on other ocean worlds.…”