“…In addition to calls for examining the role of student-to-student communication in the classroom, a number of researchers have argued that there is a dire need for the development of theories that are able to explain, predict, and control a range of phenomena occurring in the learning context (Mottet, Frymier, & Beebe, 2006;Nussbaum & Friedrich, 2005;Staton-Spicer & Wulff, 1984;Waldeck et al, 2001). Indeed, the lack of programmatic research used to advance theory in Instructional Communication has been considered a fundamental problem in the field for quite some time (Waldeck, Plax, & Kearney, 2010).…”