Research Into Characteristics of X-Ray Emission Laser Beams From Solid-State Cathode Medium of High-Current Glow Discharge

Abstract

X-ray emissions ranging 1.2 -3.0 keV with dose rate up to 1.0 Gy/s have been registered in experiments with high-current Glow Discharge. The emissions energy and intensity depend on the cathode material; the kind of plasma-forming gas; and the discharge parameters. The experiments were carried out on the high-current glow discharge device using D 2 , H 2 , Kr and Xe at pressure up to 10 Torr, as well as cathode samples made from Al, Sc, Ti, Ni, Nb, Zr, Mo, Pd, Ta, W, Pt, at current up to 500 mA and discharge voltage of 500-2500 V. Two emission modes were revealed under the experiments: 1. Diffusion X-rays was observed as separate X-ray bursts (up to 5×10 5 bursts a second and up to 10 6 X-ray quanta in a burst); 2. X-rays in the form of laser microbeams (up to 10 4 beams a second and up to 10 10 X-ray of quanta in a beam, angular divergence was up to 10 -4 , the duration of the separate laser beams must be τ =3·10 -13 -3·10 -14 s, the separate beam power must be 10 7 -10 8 W). The emission of the X-ray laser beams occurred when the discharge occurred and within 100 ms after turning off the current. The results of experimental research into the characteristics of secondary penetrating radiation occurring when interacting primary X-ray beams from a solid-state cathode medium with targets made of various materials are reported. It was shown that the secondary radiation consisted of fast electrons. Secondary radiation of two types was observed: 1. The emission with a continuous temporal spectrum in the form of separate bursts with intensity up to 10 6 fast electrons a burst. 2. The emission with a discrete temporal spectrum and emission rate up to 10 10 fast electrons a burst. A third type of the penetrating radiation was observed as well. This type was recorded directly by the photomultiplier placed behind of the target without the scintillator. The abnormal high penetrating ability of this radiation type requires additional research to explain. The obtained results show that creating optically active medium with long-living metastable levels with the energy of 1.0 -3.0 keV and more is possible in the solid state.

Anomalies in fracture experiments, and energy exchange between vibrations and nuclei

“…From this it became clear that the physics demonstration under discussion may already have been done, but not recognized as such. Some years ago Karabut reported collimated emission of X-rays from cathode surfaces in high-current glow discharge experiments [57][58][59][60][61][62], with a broad emission feature near 1.5 keV. At present, excitation of impurity surface Hg by up-conversion of vibrational energy is a candidate explanation, but has not been proven unambiguously.…”

“…In connection with this discussion is Karabut's experiment [57][58][59][60][61][62] in which collimated X-ray emission near 1.5 keV is observed from cathodes during, and following, glow discharge operation in the highcurrent regime. Fast sub-ns voltage spikes occur in Karabut's discharge which can couple to the drum head mode near a few hundred KHz, or to compressional modes in the vicinity of 100 MHz.…”

Research into Excited Long Lived 0.6-6.0 keV Energy Levels in the Cathode Solid Medium of Glow Discharge by X-Ray Spectra Emission

“…The signal from PM was transferred to a fast preamplifier and then to the two-channel computer digital oscillograph with the limit resolution frequency of 50 MHz per a channel [5]. X-ray emission in the form of laser beams was registered after passing the trailing edge of the glow discharge current pulses and turning glow discharge current.…”

“…The generation of penetration radiation was registered by the researches of high energy process in solid cathodes of electric discharge [1]. The experiments were carried out on the high-current Glow Discharge device in D 2 , H 2 , He, Kr and Xe at pressure up to 10 Torr, current up to 300 mA and the Glow Discharge voltage ranging 1,500-4,300 V. The cathode samples being made of Al, Sc, Ti, Ni, Nb, Zr, Mo, Pd and Ta, W. The registration of X-ray emission was performed using Al 2 O 3 -based TLD (Thermo-Luminescent Detectors), the pine hole and PM scintillating detectors for the recording of temporal characteristics [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The following modes were brought during the experiments: (1) diffusion 10 4 X-ray photons in a flash), (2) X-ray beams emission by small angular divergence occurs during the discharge burning and up to 100 ms and more after the current turning out.…”

Including nuclear degrees of freedom in a lattice Hamiltonian

“…Meanwhile, another experimental result has been put forth which challenges our modern view of condensed matter physics. Karabut has studied a variety of anomalies in high-current density glow discharge experiments, and in the course of the work noticed that collimated X-ray emission occurred in powerful bursts normal to metal coin-shaped samples that served as cathodes [12,13,14,15]. Although anomalous emission effects are seen when the discharge is on, the powerful bursts of collimated X-rays are observed on the order of a millisecond after the discharge is turned off.…”