Research into the Production of Tungsten Heavy Alloys with Specific Mechanical Properties

Skoczylas, Paweł; Gulbinowicz, Z.; Goroch, Olgierd; Barcz, Katarzyna; Kaczorowski, M.

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0013.6483

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The heat treatment was carried out in a vacuum furnace under a reduced pressure of 5 Pa in the temperature range of 950–1150 °C. After annealing, the total time of which was 9 h, and the rods were cooled rapidly [ 26 ]. The annealing temperature and time were selected based on previous tests [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cold Swaging of Tungsten Heavy Alloy with the Composition W91-6Ni-3Co on the Mechanical Properties

Skoczylas¹,

Goroch²,

Gulbinowicz³

et al. 2021

Materials

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The paper presents the results of studies on the effects of heat treatment and cold-work parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) with the composition W91-6Ni-3Co. Tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) is used in conditions where strength, high density, and weight are required. The material for testing as rod-shaped samples was produced by the method of powder metallurgy and sintering with the participation of the liquid phase and then subjected to heat treatment and cold swaging. The study compares the effect of degree deformation on the strength, hardness, microhardness, and microstructure of WHA rods. The conducted tests showed that heat treatment and cold-work allowed to gradually increase the strength parameters, i.e., tensile strength σuts, yield strength σys, elongation ε, hardness, and microhardness. These processes made it possible to increase the tensile strength by over 800 MPa (from the initial 600 MPa after sintering to the final value of over 1470 MPa after heat treatment with cold swaging deformation with reduction of 30%) and the hardness from 32 to 46 HRC.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cold Swaging of Tungsten Heavy Alloy with the Composition W91-6Ni-3Co on the Mechanical Properties

Skoczylas¹,

Goroch²,

Gulbinowicz³

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…The materials from the upper range (18.4 g/cm 3 ) show lower strength, no plasticity in deformation and no impact toughness. The process of preparing THA rods [23] included weighing appropriate powder blends containing alloying additives such as nickel, iron, cobalt and tungsten in the amount of 90.8%, 96.2% and 98.2% by weight. Sintering was carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cores of sub-caliber bullets made of THA are subjected to heat and plastic treatments in order to improve their mechanical properties, in particular tensile strength and impact strength [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. High-strength parameters are necessary to prevent the core from damaging during the movement of the projectile inside the barrel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Connections Formed during Sintering with the Participation of the Liquid Phase

2020

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Tungsten heavy alloys (THA) are used in the defense industry for subcaliber bullet cores due to their high density and strength. Typically methods of joining tungsten rod elements include: soldering, friction welding or threaded sleeve splicing. The properties of the joints were tested for three types of material containing 90.8, 96.2 and 98.2 wt.%. tungsten, density from 17.3 to 18.4 g/cm3 and strength range 400–1000 MPa. Combination in the liquid phase at the sintering temperature was carried out in a vacuum furnace at a temperature of 1520 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere, and tests used pairs of both identical and dissimilar materials. After that, some of the bars were subjected to additional heat treatment at 1100 °C for 3 h. The tests of the mechanical properties in the static tensile test and the measurement of impact strength showed that the obtained strength of the joints was comparable to that of the parent material. The microstructure analysis showed that the resulting joint area, while maintaining the appropriate roughness of the joined end faces of the bars, is homogeneous without areas of the solidified matrix of the joint line. Research showed that it is possible to bond under sintering conditions with the participation of a solid liquid phase of homonymous and dissimilar THA materials. The strength of joints in dissimilar materials was comparable to a tungsten heavy alloy material with lower strength in the bonded pair while homonymous materials were comparable to the original material. The test results provided a good basis for further research in which the obtained pairs of joints will be subjected to plastic working processes.

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“…Tungsten heavy alloys (THA) belong to the group named weight heavy alloys (WHA), which are characterized with very high density and good mechanical properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. One of the special applications is kinetic energy penetrators (KEP) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of its radioactivity, DU penetrators are successively replaced with tungsten heavy alloys; because of the very high melting point of tungsten (3420 °C), the powder metallurgy (PM) had to be used. Among a few methods of sintering, liquid phase sintering (LPS) is most often used [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 , 15 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. As was already said, DU penetrators exceed the THA with depth of penetration, which is caused by so-called “self-sharpening” effects of ascribed adiabatic shear bands (ASB) formation [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study of the Rhenium Addition on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Heavy Alloy

Skoczylas

Kaczorowski

2021

Materials

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The results of structure and mechanical property investigations of tungsten heavy alloy (THA) with small additions of rhenium powder are presented. The material for the study was prepared using liquid phase sintering (LPS) of mixed and compacted powders in a hydrogen atmosphere. From the specimens, the samples for mechanical testing and structure investigations were prepared. It follows from the results of the microstructure observations and mechanical studies, that the addition of rhenium led to tungsten grain size decreasing and influencing the mechanical properties of W-Ni-Fe-Co base heavy alloy.

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Research into the Production of Tungsten Heavy Alloys with Specific Mechanical Properties

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

The Effect of Cold Swaging of Tungsten Heavy Alloy with the Composition W91-6Ni-3Co on the Mechanical Properties

The Effect of Cold Swaging of Tungsten Heavy Alloy with the Composition W91-6Ni-3Co on the Mechanical Properties

Microstructure and Properties of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Connections Formed during Sintering with the Participation of the Liquid Phase

Preliminary Study of the Rhenium Addition on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Heavy Alloy

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