Research into the Regenerative Braking of an Electric Car in Urban Driving

Abstract

As the use of fossil energy sources in transport declines, new technologies, e.g., electric vehicles, are being introduced. One of the advantages of electric vehicles in urban driving is the possibility to charge their batteries with regenerative energy during braking. For this reason, electric cars usually have a longer range per charge in urban driving than in non-urban driving. This research experimentally examined the regenerative braking of a converted Renault Clio electric car at different regenerative braking settings in the range of 0–100%. An original research methodology was developed for road tests in urban driving. The driving cycle included aggressive driving with rapid acceleration and braking. The road test was conducted in second and third gears, which are the usual gears for driving an electric car in a city. The highest regenerative braking efficiencies were achieved at a 100% setting, which in some replications reached 24% of the total electrical energy consumed; however, the 100% setting was too high from the perspective of comfortable driving of the electric car and contributed to a too significant increase in the braking force at the initial stages of braking.

Marketing Strategy and Preference Analysis of Electric Cars in a Developing Country: A Perspective from the Philippines

“…Mechanical brakes are more robust and easier to maintain than other brake options; however, they require more maintenance despite being cheap because of dirt and grime attaching because of the cable stretching, which can affect the vehicle's performance [34]. Electrical breaks, referred to as regenerative brakes, are preferred more than hydraulic because it is the standard regenerative brakes that all-electric vehicles are built with and are the best for new consumers who are switching to EVs and have little to no idea about the different types of regenerative brakes [70]. Hydraulic systems, on the other hand, are the least popular due to their complexity and higher maintenance [71].…”

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“…Thus, the total regenerative braking energy will be 0.566 kWh. The regenerative braking energy for EVs with 80% drivetrain efficiency [48] would be 0.452 kWh. A total of 1627.2 kJ of energy would be stored within the vehicle's total braking time of 12 s. This will result in a peak power of 108.480 kW.…”