I am tempted to say that 'landscape' is congenial to our spirit, that once it is pointed out to us, we not only nod in recognition but feel better, healthier, empowered. Yi-Fu Tuan, Escapism (1998, p. xvi) This thesis by publication investigates the nature of non-urban festivalscapes and their relationships with festivalgoers in general and festival campers in specific, an area in which there has been little research. Intuitively the greatest point of differentiation between urban and non-urban festivalscapes is the natural setting in which the festival is located (naturescape). As distinct from many rural festivals, non-urban festivals are not held within showgrounds or other built up areas of a town. The sites are selected for their aesthetically pleasing nature-based settings that appeal to a particular target audience, the festival community, rather than necessarily reflecting the particular nature of a local resident community. In effect they blend the natural environment with a temporary built environment to turn spaces into special gathering places with significance to festival campers. It is the relationship between the naturescape of a nonurban festival and the environmental beliefs of its festival campers that forms the core of this research program. The first aim of the research program was to establish a clear festivalgoer driven definition of a non-urban festivalscape (the blended festivalscape) identifying its overarching dimensions and particular points of difference from an urban festival. The inclusion of the word 'blended' before 'festivalscape' seeks to emphasise the unique mix of natural and built environment elements being offered to festivalgoers in nonurban settings. Analysis of research program data found that the service consumption setting of a non-urban festival can be described as a blended festivalscape and defined as being perceived and experienced through the festivalgoer lens of memorable I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis. vi Publications during candidature Journal article Gration, D., Raciti, M. & Walters, G. (2015). Back to nature: Festivalgoer environmental beliefs and the camping experience at non-urban festivals.