Research methodology used in studies of child disaster mental health interventions for posttraumatic stress

Pfefferbaum, Betty; Newman, Elana; Nelson, Summer; Liles, Brandi D.; Tett, Robert P.; Varma, Vandana; Nitiéma, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.014

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Within this literature search for original articles, 16 systematic reviews on the topic were found. Additional literature was identified from screening reference lists of those reviews (Adler-Nevo & Manassis, 2005; Ehntholt & Yule, 2006; Rowe & Liddle, 2008; Salcioglu & Basoglu, 2008; Kar, 2009; Rachamim et al 2009; Peltonen & Punamaki, 2010; Dorsey et al 2011; Kowalik et al 2011; Rolfsnes & Idsoe, 2011; Gillies et al 2013; Smith et al 2013; Keeshin & Strawn, 2014; Newman et al 2014; Pfefferbaum et al 2014 a , b ) and by contacting German and international professional associations in the field of trauma therapy (International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, National Child Traumatic Stress Network, International Association of Trauma Professionals, EMDRIA Deutschland, Trauma Institut Süddeutschland, Deutschsprachige Gesellschaft für Psychotraumatologie, Deutsches Institut für Psychotraumatologie). We chose this approach, as often suddenly occurring disasters are followed by immediate help without a previous study plan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: a meta-analysis and systematic review

et al. 2017

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Children and adolescents are a vulnerable group to develop post-traumatic stress symptoms after natural or man-made disasters. In the light of increasing numbers of refugees under the age of 18 years worldwide, there is a significant need for effective treatments. This meta-analytic review investigates specific psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters. In a systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO, as well as hand-searching existing reviews and contacting professional associations, 36 studies were identified. Randomand mixed-effects models were applied to test for average effect sizes and moderating variables. Overall, treatments showed high effect sizes in pre-post comparisons (Hedges' g = 1.34) and medium effect sizes as compared with control conditions (Hedges' g = 0.43). Treatments investigated by at least two studies were cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), narrative exposure therapy for children (KIDNET) and classroom-based interventions, which showed similar effect sizes. However, studies were very heterogenic with regard to their outcomes. Effects were moderated by type of profession (higher level of training leading to higher effect sizes). A number of effective psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent survivors of disasters exist. CBT, EMDR, KIDNET and classroom-based interventions can be equally recommended. Although disasters require immediate reactions and improvisation, future studies with larger sample sizes and rigorous methodology are needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: a meta-analysis and systematic review

et al. 2017

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“…Já os que se referem aos EUA tinham por escopo a verificação da eficácia de abordagens psicoterapêuticas para crianças (Pfefferbaum et al, 2014), intervenção cognitivo comportamental (Taylor & Weems, 2011), investigação de incidência em adolescentes e crianças (Davis, Grills-Taquechel, & Ollendick, 2010;Overstreet, Salloum, & Badour, 2010;Terranova, Boxer, & Morris, 2009), comorbidade com transtornos da personalidade (Pietrzak et al, 2011), critérios diagnósticos (Rosellini, Coffey, Tracy, & Galea, 2014) e investigação de fatores biológicos associados ao TEPT (White et al, 2013).…”

Section: Brasilunclassified

Scientific literature about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in disaster context

Reis

Carvalho

2016

Aval. Psicol.

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RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a produção científica sobre o TEPT, em bases de dados on-line, tendo como foco estudos que abordem esse transtorno em contextos de desastres ambientais. Por meio das bases de dados (SciELO e Science Direct), verificou-se que, dentre os 964 estudos identificados, apenas 38 se relacionaram a desastres ambientais, os quais apresentaram objetivos, populações e eventos diversificados, sugerindo a presença de investidas na compreensão desses fenômenos. Além disso, observou-se um número inexpressivo de publicações nacionais, contrastando com as publicações internacionais, sobretudo, EUA e China. Os dados torna evidente a necessidade da realização de pesquisas que clarifiquem as implicações psicológicas provenientes de desastres para conferir auxílio ao manejo efetivo desses eventos em território nacional. Palavras-chave: estresse; literatura cientifica; trauma. ABSTRACT-Scientific literature about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in disaster context This study aimed to examine the scientific literature on PTSD in online databases, focusing on studies that address this disorder in contexts of environmental disasters. Through the databases (SciELO and Science Direct), it was found that, among the 964 identified studies, only 38 were related to environmental disasters. Among those were diverse objectives, people and events, which suggests the presence of advances in the understanding of these phenomena. In addition, there was an unimpressive number of national publications, contrasting with international publications, predominantly from the US and China. The data makes clear the necessity of conducting research to clarify the psychological implications of disasters in order to aid in the effective management of these events domestically.

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“…8 Despite the complexities of providing services to address the psychological reactions of youth to mass trauma, an impressive array of interventions has been delivered and evaluated. Several methodological reviews [9][10][11] and meta-analyses [12][13][14][15][16][17] evaluating the evidence-base for these interventions have been published. Results of meta-analyses have varied from no intervention effect for PTS 17 to a small 13,16 or medium 12,14,15 effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Benefit of Interventions to Reduce Posttraumatic Stress in Youth Exposed to Mass Trauma: A Review and Meta-Analysis

Pfefferbaum

Nitiéma

Newman

et al. 2019

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Numerous interventions to address posttraumatic stress (PTS) in youth exposed to mass trauma have been delivered and evaluated. It remains unclear, however, which interventions work for whom and under what conditions. This report describes a meta-analysis of the effect of youth mass-trauma interventions on PTS to determine if interventions were superior to inactive controls and describes a moderator analysis to examine whether the type of event, population characteristics, or income level of the country where the intervention was delivered may have affected the observed effect sizes. A comprehensive literature search identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of youth mass-trauma interventions relative to inactive controls. The search identified 2,232 references, of which 25 RCTs examining 27 trials (N = 4,662 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. Intervention effects were computed as Hedge’s g estimates and combined using a random effects model. Moderator analyses were conducted to explain the observed heterogeneity among effect sizes using the following independent variables: disaster type (political violence versus natural disaster); sample type (targeted versus non-targeted); and income level of the country where the intervention was delivered (high- versus middle- versus low-income). The correlation between the estimates of the intervention effects on PTS and on functional impairment was estimated. The overall treatment effect size was converted into a number needed to treat (NNT) for a practical interpretation. The overall intervention effect was statistically significant (g = 0.57; P < .0001), indicating that interventions had a medium beneficial effect on PTS. None of the hypothesized moderators explained the heterogeneity among the intervention effects. Estimates of the intervention effects on PTS and on functional impairment were positively correlated (Spearman’s r = 0.90; P < .0001), indicating a concomitant improvement in both outcomes. These findings confirm that interventions can alleviate PTS and enhance functioning in children exposed to mass trauma. This study extends prior research by demonstrating improvement in PTS with interventions delivered to targeted and non-targeted populations, regardless of the country income level. Intervention populations and available resources should be considered when interpreting the results of intervention studies to inform recommendations for practice.

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Research methodology used in studies of child disaster mental health interventions for posttraumatic stress

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Scientific literature about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in disaster context

The Benefit of Interventions to Reduce Posttraumatic Stress in Youth Exposed to Mass Trauma: A Review and Meta-Analysis

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