Research Note: Effects of Different Bone Preparation Methods (Fresh, Dry, and Fat-Free Dry) on Bone Parameters and the Correlations Between Bone Breaking Strength and the Other Bone Parameters

Kim, W. K.; Donalson, L. M.; Herrera, Paul; Woodward, C.L.; Kubena, L. F.; Nisbet, D. J.; Ricke, S. C.

doi:10.1093/ps/83.10.1663

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Upon re-thawing, a Dremel® moto tool (Dremel Model 4300-9/64 High Performance Variable Speed Rotary Tool, Dremel Inc. Racine, WI, USA) was used to remove the two epiphyses from the diaphysis. Marrow was removed with a sewing pin followed by a pipe cleaner, resulting in a smooth hollow cylinder, followed by oven drying at 65°C for 48 hours, as suggested by Kim et al [3].…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Chemical, Structural, and Radiological Changes in Pigeon Bone, Associated with The Dietary Intake of Nickel Recovery Slag

Galiano¹,

Lapointe²

2019

JESPR

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Slag from nickel smelting operations in the Sudbury basin in Ontario, Canada, has become ubiquitous. This material rich in heavy metals such as iron, upon ingestion has the potential to effect physical, radiological, chemical, mechanical, and structural changes in biological systems. In this work, we analyzed the effects of slag ingestion through diet, on several quantitative and qualitative parameters of the tibio-tarsal bones in pigeons (Columbia Livia Domestica). The specimens were maintained on a seed diet and divided into a control group (n = 9) provided (normal) clean limestone grit, and an experimental group (n = 9) provided slag-based grit, both for a period of one year. Their tibio-tarsal bones were harvested for analysis. Quantitative analytical methods included conventional density measurements, caliper-based cortical thickness measurements, bone mineral density measurements using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), calcium and iron concentration measurements using mass spectrometry, and the determination of Young's Moduli and ultimate breaking strength (both in compression) using a universal testing machine (UTM). Qualitative microscopy studies, both optical and electron -including energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) -were carried out for both sample groups. A Welch's t-test (single tail) was used to compare means of the seven quantitative parameters between control and experimental samples; in six of these parameters, a statistically significant difference was found (p ≤ 0.05). Microscopy, both optical and electron -coupled with EDS analysis -revealed structural differences in bone between the two groups. Engineering hardness testing of grit types in the dietary components revealed that the slag ingested by the experimental group was approximately twice as hard (Brinell and Rockwell hardness) as the limestone grit in the control group diet. We conclude that slag ingestion through diet in the species examined, is associated with measurable changes in mechanical, chemical, structural, and radiological properties of the tibio-tarsal bones.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Chemical, Structural, and Radiological Changes in Pigeon Bone, Associated with The Dietary Intake of Nickel Recovery Slag

Galiano¹,

Lapointe²

2019

JESPR

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“…It ranges from 0.13 to 9.7, with a median value of 3.5 µg Mn/g dry bone. Taking into account a ratio of 1.6 between dry bone and wet bone (Kim et al 2004), it gives a median value of 2.2 µg Mn/g bone, which is higher than the ICRP value of 1 µg Mn/g bone. Another way to compare results is by taking into account the Mn/Ca ratio since Ca is the major component of bone and its proportion in bone is relatively stable.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 94%

Customized compact neutron activation analysis system to quantify manganese (Mn) in bonein vivo

et al. 2017

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Objective In the US alone, millions of workers, including over 300 000 welders, are at high risk of occupational manganese (Mn) exposure. Those who have been chronically exposed to excessive amount of Mn can develop severe neurological disorders similar, but not identical, to the idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. One challenge of identifing the health effects of Mn exposure is to find a reliable biomarker for exposure assessment, especially for long-term cumulative exposure. Approach Mn’s long biological half-life as well as its relatively high concentration in bone makes bone Mn (BnMn) a potentially valuable biomarker for Mn exposure. Our group has been working on the development of a deuterium–deuterium (D–D)-based neutron generator to quantify Mn in bone in vivo. Main results and significance In this paper, we report the latest advancements in our system. With a customized hand irradiation assembly, a fully characterized high purity germanium (HPGe) detector system, and an acceptable hand dose of 36 mSv, a detection limit of 0.64 µg Mn/g bone (ppm) has been achieved.

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“…Σημαντικότατη έρευνα έχει γίνει στην οστεοπενία χρησιμοποιώντας διάφορα οστά, όπως μηριαίο (Kim et al 2004), κερκίδα (Moore et al 1977, Wilson και Harner 1988), κλείδα (Adams et al 1970) και βραχιό-νιο (Gregory και Wilkins 1992, Fleming et al 1998a). Παρ' όλα αυτά, η περισσότερη έρευνα έχει διεξαχθεί πάνω στην αντοχή της κνήμης (Rowland et al 1967, Rowland και Harms 1970b, Frost et al 1990, Koutoulis 1998.…”

Section: ) ερευνητικές μέθοδοι διάγνωσης και μετρήσεων της οστεοπενίαςunclassified

Osteopenia: a disease of laying hens with major impact on production and welfare

Koutoulis¹

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Osteopenia is a significant disease of the skeleton in mature chickens used for egg production. It characteristically occurs in lines of laying hens with high rates of egg production and can be regarded as a generalised skeletal disorder resulting in bone fractures. Since the condition was first recognised, the scale of the problem has increased. It was estimated that in commercial flocks in the United States approximately 15-30% of hen mortality is related to osteopenia. The condition is divided into two forms: peracute, where death occurred with the onset of symptoms and acute, where the birds survived the initial collapse. The condition was first known as 'Cage Layer Fatigue', but terms such as 'Cage Layer Paralysis' and 'Cage Layer Osteoporosis' are also used. Nowadays there are three different terms which are used to describe poor bone condition. Osteopenia is a less specific term, which describes a loss in the amount of bone tissues leading to bone fragility without implying whether or not bone density is involved. Osteomalacia is caused by defective mineralisation of bone tissue and is characterised primarily by thick seams of unmineralised or poorly mineralised organic matrix on the surfaces of medullary bone trabeculae. In osteoporosis there is a decrease in the amount of bone tissue, the matrix of which is normally mineralised. Production problems and financial losses to the producer are caused by osteopenia affecting at the same time the welfare of the birds. Pain and distress associated with broken bones and healed or new fractures obviously compromise the welfare of the birds. There are also production problems, associated firstly with mortality and lost production in battery hens and secondly in the processing of spent layers where bone breakage results in the contamination of carcasses and recovered meat with splinters of bone. Losses to the poultry industry that result from cracked and broken eggs are very considerable and it is very important for the producer to maximise the difference between the value of saleable outputs and nutritional costs. Therefore, the relationships between dietary calcium, bone components, eggshell formation and their consequences, which might result from an imbalance between them (e.g. osteopenia, decreased shell quality), strongly affect the final profit of a laying flock and the income of the producer. The causes of osteopenia are divided into immediate -osteomalacia and osteoporosis -and predisposing causes, such as genetic, nutritional and husbandry effects. Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D deficiencies or imbalance of the calcium/phosphorus ratio in the diet can induce osteomalacia, whereas osteoporosis maybe related with hormonal changes, lack of exercise and age-related effects. Factors, such as age at sexual maturity, body weight, medullary bone and various pharmaceutical and nutritional factors, may also strongly influence bone strength. Osteopenia is largely genetic in origin, resulting from the breeding of light weight, energetically efficient birds ...

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Research Note: Effects of Different Bone Preparation Methods (Fresh, Dry, and Fat-Free Dry) on Bone Parameters and the Correlations Between Bone Breaking Strength and the Other Bone Parameters

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanical, Chemical, Structural, and Radiological Changes in Pigeon Bone, Associated with The Dietary Intake of Nickel Recovery Slag

Mechanical, Chemical, Structural, and Radiological Changes in Pigeon Bone, Associated with The Dietary Intake of Nickel Recovery Slag

Customized compact neutron activation analysis system to quantify manganese (Mn) in bonein vivo

Osteopenia: a disease of laying hens with major impact on production and welfare

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