“…Many traditional chemical detection methods, such as sensory evaluation, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, molecular biological methods, electronic nose technology and biomass spectrometry technology have disadvantages like low detection rate, long time consuming, damage to samples and complex operation (Fan & Han, 2021;Giovannacci et al, 2004;Leitner et al, 2006;Li, Li, & Qin, 2020;Li, Li, Yu, et al, 2020;Ropodi et al, 2015;Tanabe et al, 2007). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) that integrates rich spectral and spatial information has become one of the most promising methods for rapid and nondestructive detection of meat adulteration (Xiong et al, 2017), for instance, shrimp mixed with gelatin (Wu et al, 2013), chicken meat mixed with soy protein (Wang et al, 2019), mutton mixed with duck (Zheng et al, 2019), beef mixed with pork (Guo et al, 2020) and so on.…”