This paper presents a novel security monitoring system of mine based on power line communication; with networking and routing technology, an artificial cobweb routing of security monitoring communication system is established to ensure the reliability of data communication in the system, and improve the reliability and validity of the PLC-based security monitoring system. This paper describes in detail the overall hardware and software framework of the system, the design communication terminal nodes, the mine communication network model and network structure based on artificial cobweb. The experiment results about the delay and throughput show that this system can achieve real-time monitoring of underground mines, sound and light alarm and two-way data communication with the control center on the ground, providing new ideas and guiding methods for mine security monitoring system design and development.