Research of Phase Standard of the State Primary Standards of Unit Phase Shift Angle Between Two Voltages

Abstract

The measurement of the phase shift angle (PSA) between two voltage harmonics is important in many areas of electrical engineering and electronics. They are used in the analysis of alternating currents and electrical systems and are a key tool for evaluating their quality and efficiency. The main purpose of phase meters is to measure the phase shift, which allows analyzing the operation of electrical and electronic systems, increasing their efficiency, and diagnosing malfunctions. Phase meters directly measure the PSA between two signals. Modern phase meters have a high resolution and are able to measure the phase shift with an accuracy of thousandths of a degree. In the electric power industry, phase standards help maintain phase stability and synchronization in large electrical networks in a variety of industries, from industry to scientific research. Phase standards are used to calibrate phase meters, oscilloscopes, and other measuring equipment that measures phase shifts. The basis of the precise PSA standard is the applied phase standard, which determines its general metrological characteristics. This phase standard must be regularly calibrated by leading national metrology institutes. Its obtained metrological characteristics can be the basis for publishing CMC of a certain national metrological institute. The national standard of the PSA of Ukraine has established metrological traceability to the national metrological institute of Germany – PTB. This traceability made it possible to publish CMC of Ukraine both for the phase generator (standard) and for the phase meter included in the standard. These CMC correspond to the established metrological characteristics of the national standard. To assess the long-term stability of standards, the method of regression analysis is most often used. Polynomials of the third degree were sufficient to approximate its drift line of the PSA standard for various PSA in the period from 2011 to 2024. The indicated approximations of the drift lines have confirmed their adequacy.