Research on apoptotic mechanism and related pathways involved in postmortem grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) muscle

Abstract

BACKGROUND Apoptosis activation is an essential research to reveal the triggering mechanism of flesh quality deterioration. This study was aimed at explaining apoptotic mechanism of postmortem fish in terms of caspases activation, cytochrome c (cyt‐c) release, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl2‐associated X (Bax) protein levels, transcriptional levels of its molecules, and apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) translocation at 4 °C for 5 days. RESULTS Activation of caspase‐9, caspase‐8, caspase‐3 and the release of mitochondrial cyt‐c were observed during storage. The decreased Bcl‐2 protein levels, increased Bax protein expressions and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio were major steps for inducing apoptosis. Collectively, transcriptional regulation of Fas ligand (FasL), apoptotic protease activating factor‐1 (Apaf‐1), inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (Mcl‐1), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) indicated that extrinsic apoptotic pathways (FasL/caspase‐8/caspase‐3) and intrinsic pathway [(JNK and p38 MAPK)/(Bcl‐2, Bax and Mcl‐1)/cyt‐c/Apaf‐1/caspase‐9/caspase‐3] were involved in apoptotic process. Mitochondrial AIF translocation to nuclear indicated that AIF mediated caspase‐independent pathway. CONCLUSION Therefore, transcriptional and translational alterations of multiple signaling molecules acted important roles in regulating apoptosis activation in postmortem process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of Metamifop on Defense Systems in Monopterus albus

“…When apoptosis occurs, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 increases, resulting in the release of Cyt C from mitochondria. This activates the release of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and then induces apoptosis [60]. In the present study, expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2b were inhibited by metamifop, but the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2b increased.…”

Water-soluble Yb3+, Er3+ codoped NaYF4 nanoparticles induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-mediated ER stress

“…44 Cyt C is a pro-apoptotic factor that binds with apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (APAF-1) to activate pro-caspase-9. 45 Caspase-3 is involved in a cascade of reactions that ultimately lead to apoptosis. The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway regulates tumor cell proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy.…”

Cellular antioxidant mechanism of mannan‐oligosaccharides involving in enhancing flesh quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…The changes of tenderness in muscle is a very complex process, which was altered by numerous factors including endogenous enzymes, oxidation and apoptosis process. 42 Previous study emphasized the importance of collagen involved in texture softening, and the decrease of collagen was tightly associated with the decline of texture. 43 The content of hydroxyproline was widely used to evaluate the amount of collagen.…”

“…This study showed that dietary MOS decreased shear force, indicating that MOS in fish diet could enhance tenderness (27.4%) in fish muscle. The changes of tenderness in muscle is a very complex process, which was altered by numerous factors including endogenous enzymes, oxidation and apoptosis process 42 . Previous study emphasized the importance of collagen involved in texture softening, and the decrease of collagen was tightly associated with the decline of texture 43 .…”