Research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using the Covert Orienting Paradigm of Posner

Alvarez, Julie A.; Freides, David

doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2602_6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Social interaction and attention are commonly affected across different neurodevelopmental disorders, such as in ADHD and ASD (Alvarez and Freides 2004; Korkmaz 2011; Paynter and Peterson 2010). ADHD is typically characterized by difficulties of inattention or hyperactivity or impulsiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies using variable stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), only those with short SOAs were enclosed to minimize the danger of an accidental inclusion of an inhibition of return effect. Moreover, to ensure homogeneity, only contrasts with a minimum ratio of 1:3 (invalid vs. valid) were included, as only these contrasts lead to an invalidity (top-down) effect (Alvarez and Freides 2004). Coordinates were also extracted for three studies, which were based on a combination of a 50/50 contrast (including 50 % invalid and 50 % valid trials) and the preferable ratio.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the right temporoparietal junction in attention and social interaction as revealed by ALE meta-analysis

et al. 2014

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The right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is frequently associated with different capacities that to shift attention to unexpected stimuli (reorienting of attention) and to understand others’ (false) mental state [theory of mind (ToM), typically represented by false belief tasks]. Competing hypotheses either suggest the rTPJ representing a unitary region involved in separate cognitive functions or consisting of subregions subserving distinct processes. We conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses to test these hypotheses. A conjunction analysis across ALE meta-analyses delineating regions consistently recruited by reorienting of attention and false belief studies revealed the anterior rTPJ, suggesting an overarching role of this specific region. Moreover, the anatomical difference analysis unravelled the posterior rTPJ as higher converging in false belief compared with reorienting of attention tasks. This supports the concept of an exclusive role of the posterior rTPJ in the social domain. These results were complemented by meta-analytic connectivity mapping (MACM) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis to investigate whole-brain connectivity patterns in task-constrained and task-free brain states. This allowed for detailing the functional separation of the anterior and posterior rTPJ. The combination of MACM and RSFC mapping showed that the posterior rTPJ has connectivity patterns with typical ToM regions, whereas the anterior part of rTPJ co-activates with the attentional network. Taken together, our data suggest that rTPJ contains two functionally fractionated subregions: while posterior rTPJ seems exclusively involved in the social domain, anterior rTPJ is involved in both, attention and ToM, conceivably indicating an attentional shifting role of this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the right temporoparietal junction in attention and social interaction as revealed by ALE meta-analysis

et al. 2014

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“…This discrepancy can be accounted for by more variation in the ADHD subjects leading to a lack of significant difference between the different conditions. Large response variation is typically observed in ADHD patients and may lead to inconsistent findings in covert attention paradigms [ 34 ]. Alternatively, the task may have required only little cognitive effort, so that detection performance (which was around 90% for both groups) was not strongly dependent on attention recourses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-Related Eye Vergence Measured in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2015

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Recent evidence shows a novel role for eye vergence in orienting attention in adult subjects. Here we investigated whether such modulation in eye vergence by attention is present in children and whether it is altered in children with ADHD compared to control subjects. We therefore measured the angle of eye vergence in children previously diagnosed with ADHD while performing a cue task and compared the results to those from age-matched controls. We observed a strong modulation in the angle of vergence in the control group and a weak modulation in the ADHD group. In addition, in the control group the modulation in eye vergence was different between the informative cue and uninformative cue condition. This difference was less noticeable in the ADHD group. Our study supports the observation of deficient binocular vision in ADHD children. We argue that the observed disruption in vergence modulation in ADHD children is manifest of altered cognitive processing of sensory information. Our work may provide new insights into attention disorders, like ADHD.

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“…The improvement of the orienting network has been very much investigated by cognitive (e.g., Akhtar and Enns, 1989;Enns and Brodeur, 1989;Schul et al, 2003;Leclercq and Sieroff, 2013) and clinical researches (e.g., Huang-Pollock and Nigg, 2003;Alvarez and Freides, 2004). Orienting oneself toward the source of information is the first operation to be done and it is necessary before moving on to other cognitively more complex operations (Wainwright and Bryson, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Environment and Social Relationship in the Development of Attentional Network

Federico

2020

Front. Psychol.

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The attention mechanism is related to both voluntary and automatic processes, that may be summarized in three distinct networks: alert, orientation, and inhibitory control. These networks can be modulated by different contextual and relational situations. Aim of this review is to explain how a combination of natural and social stimuli can positively affect the attentional processes. It has been proposed that the exposition to natural environment can positively affect direct attention, a common resource supporting both executive functioning and self-regulation processes in cognition. It has been suggested that the decrease of the effort required to voluntary control attention from the bottom upwards could determine some internal reflection that may support creative thinking secondarily to a simultaneous reduction in the effort required to orient attention between thoughts and impressions. In my view, not only exposition to natural and green environment improves attentional processes but also the involvement in social relationship. The development of the orientation and inhibitory control networks is sensitive to the social nature of the stimuli, for instance, in a task, including socially relevant stimuli the efficiency of these two attentional networks increases in children, in adults and in elderly subjects. Social attention, starting very early in the life (joint attention) is a very important mechanism for the regulation of social relationships. A key for a better development of cognitive functions such as attentional processes is the promotion of the immersion in the natural environment and the involvement in social relationship.

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Research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using the Covert Orienting Paradigm of Posner

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

The role of the right temporoparietal junction in attention and social interaction as revealed by ALE meta-analysis

The role of the right temporoparietal junction in attention and social interaction as revealed by ALE meta-analysis

Attention-Related Eye Vergence Measured in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Natural Environment and Social Relationship in the Development of Attentional Network

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