Research on Carbon Emissions of Electric Vehicles throughout the Life Cycle Assessment Taking into Vehicle Weight and Grid Mix Composition

Li, Yanmei; Ha, Ningning; Li, Tingting

doi:10.3390/en12193612

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Of the reviewed studies, 90% performed process LCAs, and the remaining two studies [26,32] performed hybrid LCAs. None solely performed an input-output (IO) LCA.…”

Section: Lca Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drive cycle used within each study can impact the environmental performance of the vehicles being analyzed, as it defines the fuel/energy efficiency of the vehicles being studied, which, in turn, impacts the emissions associated with a vehicle's use phase. Around 50% of the reviewed studies either simply defined the efficiency and/or did not mention any form of drive cycle under which these efficiencies were tested [13,16,19,21,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32]. Around 30% used the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) [16,18,19,23,25,27].…”

Section: Drive Cycle Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven

et al. 2020

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are often considered a potential solution to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originating from personal transport vehicles, but this has also been questioned due to their high production emissions. In this study, we performed an extensive literature review of existing EV life-cycle assessments (LCAs) and a meta-analysis of the studies in the review, extracting life-cycle GHG emission data combined with a standardized methodology for estimating GHG electrical grid intensities across the European Economic Area (EEA), which were used to estimate a set of environmental breakeven points for each EEA country. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to provide sensitivity analysis. The results of the review suggest a need for greater methodological and data transparency within EV LCA research. The meta-analysis found a subset of countries across the EEA where there is a potential that EVs could lead to greater life-cycle GHG emissions than a comparable diesel counterpart. A policy discussion highlights how EV policies in countries with contrasting GHG electric grid intensities may not reflect the current techno-environmental reality. This paper emphasizes the importance for researchers to accurately depict life-cycle vehicle emissions and the need for EEA countries to enact policies corresponding to their respective contextual conditions to avoid potentially enacting policies that could lead to greater GHG emissions.

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“…Of the reviewed studies, 90% performed process LCAs, and the remaining two studies [26,32] performed hybrid LCAs. None solely performed an input-output (IO) LCA.…”

Section: Lca Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drive Cycle Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven

et al. 2020

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“…As the proportion of clean energy in the grid mix composition increases, the benefits of electric vehicles for reducing CO 2 emissions will gradually emerge. 61 Bicer and Dincer carry out a comparative assessment of the life cycle of internal combustion vehicles fuelled by various fuels, ranging from hydrogen to gasoline, electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles also being considered for the study. The results of the study highlight that, among all the analyzed fuel/vehicle categories, the hydrogen vehicle is the best ecological option.…”

Section: Environmental Impact-comparative Presentation Of the Convementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al conducted in Reference 61 a research on EV carbon emissions during the whole life cycle. According to the analyzes carried out by the authors, it follows that the CO 2 emissions of EVs of the same weight class are 24% to 31% higher than those of conventional fuel vehicles, which is due to the current composition of the electricity grid mix in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the analyzes carried out by the authors, it follows that the CO 2 emissions of EVs of the same weight class are 24% to 31% higher than those of conventional fuel vehicles, which is due to the current composition of the electricity grid mix in China. As the proportion of clean energy in the grid mix composition increases, the benefits of electric vehicles for reducing CO 2 emissions will gradually emerge 61 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental impact assessment of green energy systems for power supply of electric vehicle charging station

et al. 2020

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The Electric Vehicle (EV) as a clean alternative to Classic Vehicle that use fossil fuels is promoted as an immediate solution to improve the quality parameters of the environment related to the transport sector. The transition to clean electrified mobility must be considered from the sustainability spectrum, and the planning of a strategy related to the implementation of electric vehicles implies, from the beginning, providing clean energy conditions to go toward a green-to-green paradigm. It should be noted that the successful implementation of the "green electro mobility" concept depends heavily on the green energy supply solutions of green electric vehicle, so Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EV-CS) should be powered by electricity generation systems based on green resources. This research article has as main objective the environmental impact assessment from the perspective of CO 2 emissions embedded in green stand-alone energy systems and the estimation of the environmental benefits of their implementation in the power supply of EV-CS from the perspective of avoided CO 2 emissions compared to the classic electricity supply grid. The results indicate that the green energy systems represent feasible solutions for the independent energy support of electric vehicle charging stations, being able to supply electricity based on on-site available 100% alternative energy sources. Related to 1 kWh of electricity, the CO 2 emissions embedded in these systems represent on average 11.40% of the CO 2 emissions of the electricity supplied through the grid at European level and on average 7.10% of the CO 2 emissions of the electricity supplied through the grid worldwide. Results also show that the average price of 1kWh of electricity generated by the analyzed systems is 4.3 times higher than the average unit price of the European Union grid energy, but this indicator must be correlated with the kgCO 2 /kWh cost savings compared to the electricity production from classic power plants. K E Y W O R D S clean energy, CO 2 emissions embedded in system, eco-responsibility of electric vehicle charging station, environmental impact of electric vehicle, green electro mobility, green energy, green-togreen paradigm

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Electrothermal model of all‐solid‐state lithium battery with composite solid‐state electrolyte

Liu,

Peng,

Xiaokaiti

et al. 2023

EcoEnergy

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For secondary batteries, thermal runaway has become the main issue, and how to solve it is full of challenges. In this work, a universal thermal model for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) was proposed, which was validated by using commercially available 18650 batteries as well as testing the electrochemical parameters of a Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)–bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt(LiTFSI)–Li2MnO3(LMO) (PLL) composite solid‐state electrolyte (CSSE), while a computational model was developed for all‐solid‐state LIBs (ASSLIBs) based on PLL CSSE. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature of ASSLIBs based on PLL CSSE and commercial standards are both significantly lower than the thermal runaway temperature of solid‐state electrolyte. However, as the temperature of the battery varies greatly under different operating conditions, it will cause great difficulties in the control of other ancillary components and even finally lead to certain safety issues. Therefore, from the perspective of performance and practical application, the CSSE should be improved toward improving the ionic conductivity at low temperatures to have more commercial prospects, and lower interfacial impedance and a higher lithium ion migration number would also be beneficial for optimizing the thermal behavior of ASSLIBs to achieve better commercial prospects.

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Research on Carbon Emissions of Electric Vehicles throughout the Life Cycle Assessment Taking into Vehicle Weight and Grid Mix Composition

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven

Review and Meta-Analysis of EVs: Embodied Emissions and Environmental Breakeven

Environmental impact assessment of green energy systems for power supply of electric vehicle charging station

Electrothermal model of all‐solid‐state lithium battery with composite solid‐state electrolyte

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