“…Currently, MOOCs are mainly applied in general education courses, but their effects are not ideal in some professional courses, such as technology and art (VOA, 2012). For example, Shen et al (2022) pointed out that face-to-face interaction was lost in online education, and therefore, teachers could not provide feedback on students' emotions during the learning process (Shen et al, 2022). Tormanen et al (2022) found that students' learning enthusiasm and emotional fluctuations were low because of a lack of collaborative learning between classmates in online learning (Tormanen et al, 2022).…”