“…The annual ALI value of each province was calculated for the period of 1994–2013 by using DMSP–OLS NTL imageries. Then, in accordance with the validation methodologies conventionally applied in Forbes (2013), Shi et al (2014), You, Chen, Du, Zhang, and Hu (2014), Liu et al (2015), Jing, Shao, Cao, Fu, and Yan (2016), Bagan, Borjigin, and Yamagata (2018), Ji, Zhao, Yang, Yue, and Wang (2018), Rafa, Moyer, Wang, and Sutton (2018), Yücer and Erener (2018), Xu, Shan, Zhang, and Duan (2019), Bergantino, Liddo, and Porcelli (2020), Hu and Zhang (2020) and Ma, Fu, He, and Fan (2020), the correlation with IPI was computed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and the regression analysis between IPI and ALI was conducted. As indicated in Table 2, the obtained Pearson's correlation coefficients were positive and statistically significant at the 0.01 level.…”