Learning Chinese excellent traditional culture is a necessary trend and an urgent requirement for English translation teaching. In this paper, we utilize the knowledge fusion model to calculate the association support degree of Web semantic content, decompose the collection of knowledge objects based on the “clustering threshold”, and cluster the related English translation learning resources through the “clustering approximation”, to satisfy the learner’s query needs of learners. On this basis, the English Translation Web Teaching Mode is constructed, which combines multimedia and network technology to teach English translation online and offline, and integrates Chinese cultural elements in teaching. We evaluated the degree of integration between Chinese culture and English translation teaching from the dimensions of students’ emotion and cognition, teaching materials, learning process, and teaching methods, analyzed the embodiment of Chinese culture in English teaching materials, and explored the changes in students’ cultural cognition and English translation performance under this teaching mode by using the independent samples t-test. The results show that the students’ translation scores before and after the teaching increased by 6.66 points, and there are significant differences between the students’ cultural awareness, linguistic competence, thinking quality, and learning ability before and after the teaching, with p-values of 0.025, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.03, which are all less than 0.05. This study has important reference value for improving students’ English translation competence and Chinese cultural cognition.