Research on jet mixing of settled sludges in nuclear waste tanks at Hanford and other DOE sites: A historical perspective

An Approach to Understanding Cohesive Slurry Settling, Mobilization, and Hydrogen Gas Retention in Pulsed Jet Mixed Vessels

“…A series of studies were performed by Powell et al (1995aPowell et al ( , 1995bPowell et al ( , 1997 to develop correlations to predict the ECR of jet mixer pumps in Hanford waste storage tanks. In these studies, jets were directed horizontally from the center of a tank, and the nozzle was a few jet nozzle diameters above the tank bottom.…”

“…4.8 Powell et al (1997) summarized the key findings, recommended correlations from the original studies, and recommended the following correlation for the ECR with the parameters as defined in this section:…”

“…Based on the uncertainty in the measurements, Powell et al (1997) recommended using a proportionality coefficient of 3.0 if a conservative (lower) estimate of the ECR was needed, rather than using the 4.0 that best fit the data. For predicting PJM results, we will use the correlation with a coefficient of 4.0.…”

Evaluation of Flygt Propeller Xixers for Double Shell Tank (DST) High Level Waste Auxiliary Solids Mobilization

“…In mixer pump performance evaluations, ECR is defined as "the distance between the mixer pump nozzle exit and the base of the distant sludge bank.. .thus a mixer pump mobilizes the sludge within a circular area with a radius equal to the ECR plus the distance between the nozzle tip and the pump column centerline." (Powell et al 1997, page 2.3).…”

“…Predicting jet mixer performance has been the subject of computer modeling and simulant testing at the Hanford Site and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) waste sites for the past 20 yr (Powell et al 1997). Unfortunately, the accuracy of waste shear strength measurements, T~, is not known; this constrains the confidence level of ECR predictions.…”