“…Thus, in each iteration, the pheromones of optimal path increase, and the pheromones of the optimal path will decay. Therefore, to model pheromone losses from evaporation, all elements are reduced by multiplying (1 − ρ), where ρ ∈ [0, 1]. Assuming that the current optimal solution of the problem is denoted as S best , and S represents the best feasible solution obtained during one iteration, if (i, j) belongs to the feasible solution S obtained from this iteration, then the pheromone of (i, j) should be increased by adding γ i , which reflects the performance of the current solution, which is given as follows:…”