Intelligent inspection robot has the characteristics of programmable, and can be applied to various inspection environments. In general, studies show the present trend is to replace humans with an inspection robot thereby reducing the risks and improving the inspection efficiency. The intelligent inspection robot is based on intelligent technology and has programmability. In this paper, based on the research of intelligent inspection robot technology, we analyze inspection techniques, their algorithms, functions, characteristics and other important parameters. The research mainly focuses on two things: the target detection, methods and improved Adaboost algorithm to improve the accuracy of target detection; the Camshift algorithm which is improved to complete tracking design, timely data acquisition, timely problem discovery and timely solution. The target detection and target tracking are studied and their algorithms are analyzed. We present that a tracking algorithm based on improved Camshift deals with the problems which exist in traditional Camshift algorithm. In addition, we present Meanshift algorithm improves the Camshift algorithm for the whole-process tracking, automation and intelligence level, and efficient tracking. Next, combined with relevant technologies and techniques, the algorithm is improved to complete the target detection design and tracking design, and to solve the problems of inaccurate target detection and untimely detection.