Research on new drugs in the therapy of bladder cancer (BC)

Jurkowska, Karolina; Długosz, Anna

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0012.0539

Cited by 4 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Atezolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody of isotype IgG1, [11,54,55] was the first PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor approved by the FDA and accepted by the European Association of Urology (EUA) [10] as second-line therapy for patients with advanced BC [56]. It is recommended for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, in whom treatment with platinum derivatives has been ineffective and patients need to be PD-1 positive [10,57].…”

Section: Atezolizumabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical studies show that this method is highly effective, and the vaccine was well tolerated by patients. The criterion for the use of vaccine S-288310 was increased expression of the HLA-A 24:02 (human leukocyte antigen) gene in patients [54,80].…”

Section: Anti-ctla-4 Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initiation of apoptosis is a relatively new and extensively studied method for treating BC. An example of this type of therapy is the use of intravesical pSV-KT/GCV [54]. This therapy involves the human papillomavirus pseudovirion (pSV), the thymidine kinase (KT) suicide gene, and ganciclovir (GCV).…”

Section: Ganciclovirmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer: Current Methods and Future Perspectives

Wołącewicz

Hrynkiewicz

Grywalska

et al. 2020

Cancers

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bladder cancer is one of the most significant genitourinary cancer, causing high morbidity and mortality in a great number of patients. Over the years, various treatment methods for this type of cancer have been developed. The most common is the highly efficient method using Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, giving a successful effect in a high percentage of patients. However, due to the genetic instability of bladder cancer, together with individual needs of patients, the search for different therapy methods is ongoing. Immune checkpoints are cell surface molecules influencing the immune response and decreasing the strength of the immune response. Among those checkpoints, the PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1)/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein ligand 1) inhibitors aim at blocking those molecules, which results in T cell activation, and in bladder cancer the use of Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, and Pembrolizumab has been described. The inhibition of another pivotal immune checkpoint, CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T cell antigen), may result in the mobilization of the immune system against bladder cancer and, among anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, the use of Ipilimumab and Tremelimumab has been discussed. Moreover, several different approaches to successful bladder cancer treatment exists, such as the use of ganciclovir and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) kinase inhibitors, IL-12 (interleukin-12) and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2). The use of gene therapies and the disruption of different signaling pathways are currently being investigated. Research suggests that the combination of several methods increases treatment efficiency and the positive outcome in individual.

show abstract

Section: Atezolizumabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anti-ctla-4 Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer: Current Methods and Future Perspectives

Wołącewicz

Hrynkiewicz

Grywalska

et al. 2020

Cancers

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Atezolizumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting PD-L1 [30,40,41]. It was approved by the FDA in 2016 as second-line therapy for patients with advanced bladder cancer [29,42] and, in 2017, received accelerated approval as front-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or mUC ineligible for cisplatin chemotherapy [43].…”

Section: Anti Pd-l1 Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand?

Roviello

Catalano

Nobili

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urothelial bladder cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with barely 5% five-year survival in patients with metastatic disease. Intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and platinum-based chemotherapy are currently the standard of care for non-muscle invasive and advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), respectively. Recently, a subset of patients with locally advanced or mUC has shown to be responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), e.g., the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death -1/programmed death-ligand1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies. Due to the relevant clinical benefit of immunotherapy for mUC, in 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved five immunotherapeutic agents as second-line or first-line treatments for patients with advanced bladder cancer who did not profit from or were ineligible for standard therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of immunotherapy in bladder cancer and recent clinical applications of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in mUC. Furthermore, we evaluate a variable response rate to ICIs treatment and outline potential biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy response.

show abstract

“…In addition, the inhibition of CTLA-4, including ipilimumab and tremelimumab, was suggested to increase the immune response of BC [ 17 ]. Finally, intravesical interleukin 12 (IL-12) activates the immune system and weakens the status of immunosuppression in tumor cells [ 18 ]. However, not all patients have the same response to the above kinds of therapy [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Methylation-Based Reclassification of Bladder Cancer Based on Immune Cell Genes

Luo

Vögeli

2020

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Bladder cancer is highly related to immune cell infiltration. This study aimed to develop a new classification of BC molecular subtypes based on immune-cell-associated CpG sites. Methods: The genes of 28 types of immune cells were obtained from previous studies. Then, methylation sites corresponding to immune-cell-associated genes were acquired. Differentially methylated sites (DMSs) were identified between normal samples and bladder cancer samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis of differentially methylated sites was performed to divide the sites into several subtypes. Then, the potential mechanism of different subtypes was explored. Results: Bladder cancer patients were divided into three groups. The cluster 3 subtype had the best prognosis. Cluster 1 had the poorest prognosis. The distribution of immune cells, level of expression of checkpoints, stromal score, immune score, ESTIMATEScore, tumor purity, APC co_inhibition, APC co_stimulation, HLA, MHC class_I, Type I IFN Response, Type II IFN Response, and DNAss presented significant differences among the three subgroups. The distribution of genomic alterations was also different. Conclusions: The proposed classification was accurate and stable. BC patients could be divided into three subtypes based on the immune-cell-associated CpG sites. Specific biological signaling pathways, immune mechanisms, and genomic alterations were varied among the three subgroups. High-level immune infiltration was correlated with high-level methylation. The lower RNAss was associated with higher immune infiltration. The study of the intratumoral immune microenvironment may provide a new perspective for BC therapy.

show abstract

Research on new drugs in the therapy of bladder cancer (BC)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer: Current Methods and Future Perspectives

Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer: Current Methods and Future Perspectives

Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand?

A Methylation-Based Reclassification of Bladder Cancer Based on Immune Cell Genes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About