Research on Optimal Torque Control of Turning Energy Consumption for EVs with Motorized Wheels

Sun, Wen; Rong, Juncai; Wang, Junnian; Zhang, Wentong; Zhou, Zidong

doi:10.3390/en14216947

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The essence of vehicle modeling and stability analysis lies in accurately depicting the operational state of the vehicle, laying a solid foundation for vehicle control [24][25][26][27]. Given the focus of this study on speed sustainment control during the operation of the sprayer, particular attention should be paid to the sprayer's motion characteristics in the horizontal plane during the dynamics analysis of the sprayer.…”

Section: Chassis Dynamics Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Experiment on Cruise Control of a Self-Propelled Electric Sprayer Chassis

Zhou,

Hu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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In order to address the issues of poor stability in vehicle speed and deteriorated spraying quality caused by changes in road slope and the decrease in overall mass due to liquid spraying, this study focuses on analyzing the structure and longitudinal dynamic characteristics of a 4WID high ground clearance self-propelled electric sprayer. By utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software, three subsystems, namely, the inverse longitudinal dynamics model, torque distribution model, and motor model, are established. The model takes into account the effects of longitudinal driving resistance, slope, and vehicle roll angle on the distribution of loads among the four wheels during slope driving. A seven-degrees-of-freedom dynamic model is developed. A hierarchical control structure is designed, incorporating an upper-level PID controller and a lower-level fuzzy PID controller, to control the overall system. The control algorithms are tailored to the specific characteristics of the sprayer’s operation, and simulation experiments are conducted under the corresponding operating conditions. Building upon this, a sensor-equipped experimental platform is set up in the self-propelled sprayer manufactured by the team in the preliminary stage. Real vehicle tests are conducted in two scenarios: transition transportation and field operations, with the evaluation of the overall vehicle speed serving as the performance metric to validate the correctness of the model and the control theory.

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Section: Chassis Dynamics Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Experiment on Cruise Control of a Self-Propelled Electric Sprayer Chassis

Zhou,

Hu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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“…Although the results have contributed significantly to the development of knowledge about IWM-EV, the results are still weak and questionable. This is because the tests conducted on IWM-EV capabilities are still limited to simulationbased tests [6], [8], [20] and HILS methods [14], [21][22][23] that require some simplification, justification, and assumptions during the tests. It is common knowledge that justification and assumptions may inaccurately reflect the data and likely result in inaccurate predictions [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Testing of In-Wheel Motor Based Electric Vehicle in Longitudinal Direction

Razak,

Ahmad,

Che Hasan

et al. 2023

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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This paper presents an investigation into the performance of in-wheel motor (IWM) based electric vehicles (IWM-EV) in the longitudinal direction. The design of IWM-EV is an innovation of the conventional go-kart vehicle with slightly modifications in steering, suspension, and braking system, which then makes use three-phase permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor (PMSM-IWM) at both of the rear axle wheels. An extension of that is a simulation of IWM-EV vehicle using a 5-degree-of-freedom vehicle longitudinal model that has been developed by incorporating PMSM-IWM as a drive wheel located at the rear axles. Using the simulation, vehicle dynamic control in the longitudinal direction-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller has also been strategized. As the intention to confirm the capability of the IWM-EV, experimental studies-based real IWM-EV hardware have been conducted. Three dynamic tests that generalized from SAE standard SAE J866-199908, namely acceleration performance at the level pavement (include acceleration tests and acceleration then braking tests) and road gradient tests at constant speeds of 10, 15 and 20 km/h, were used as the testing method. The performance areas evaluated were vehicle body speed, wheel speed, distance travel experienced by the vehicle, IWMs current, drive torque as well as the battery voltage capacity used by the vehicle. The finding indicate that the simulation results and experimental data are similar with less than 5 % error. The outcomes from this study will be considered in the design optimization of a torque vectoring control in the next research study.

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“…The study used the fact that the output power and loss appear differently depending on the structural characteristics of the electric motor. In particular, there are many studies on properly distributing the driving force required for the vehicle to the front and rear wheels based on the efficiency map of the electric motor [9] [10], [11]. In these studies, a mathematical model of iron and copper losses was developed to calculate the driving energy loss accurately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Saving Algorithm Considering Cornering Resistance of a Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicle With Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Information

Choi

Kim

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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This study proposes an algorithm to save driving energy in an autonomous vehicle based on vehicle-to-vehicle technology. Saving the vehicular driving energy can be realized by reducing unnecessary deceleration and acceleration occurred in road congestion and by reducing the resistance caused by the internal factors of the vehicle. The algorithm proposed in this study defines cornering resistance, one of the internal resistance factors of a vehicle while driving, in terms of steering angle. Thereafter, the control inputs of a vehicle are adjusted to reduce the cornering resistance. In particular, because the target vehicle is to be a four-wheel independent drive vehicle, there are many control input values such as steering angle and yaw moment. To simultaneously obtain the desired driving performance and the minimized driving energy in such a vehicle environment, the control input values are optimally distributed by leveraging model predictive control (MPC). Moreover, a weighting factor for the MPC to yield appropriate control inputs is selected by considering the predefined cornering resistance. A simulation setup linked with CarSim-Simulink is established to verify the reduction of driving energy through the proposed algorithm. The simulation results evaluate the driving performance, driving safety, and energy-efficient driving in various driving scenarios.

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Research on Optimal Torque Control of Turning Energy Consumption for EVs with Motorized Wheels

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Research and Experiment on Cruise Control of a Self-Propelled Electric Sprayer Chassis

Research and Experiment on Cruise Control of a Self-Propelled Electric Sprayer Chassis

Dynamic Testing of In-Wheel Motor Based Electric Vehicle in Longitudinal Direction

Energy-Saving Algorithm Considering Cornering Resistance of a Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicle With Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Information

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