Research on optimum method to eliminate backfire of hydrogen internal combustion engines based on combining postponing ignition timing with water injection of intake manifold

Yang, Zhenzhong; Wang, Lijun; Zhang, Qingbo; Yu-bo, Meng; Pei, Pucheng

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.05.082

Cited by 43 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These were caused by the high flame speed of hydrogen and the very low combustion activation energy. To solve these problems, Lee et al [20] opted for the use of a retarding intake valve with an opening timing and a lean mixture while Yang et al [21] recommended injecting water into the intake manifold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Empirical Studies of the Commercial SI Engine Performance and Its Emission Levels When Running on a CNG and Hydrogen Blend

2017

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This article is a report on a simulation based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and an empirical investigation of in-cylinder flow characteristics, In addition, it assesses the performance and emission levels of a commercial-spark ignited engine running on a CNG and Hydrogen blend in different ratios. The main objective was to determine the optimum hydrogen ratio that would yield the best brake torque and release the least polluting gases. The in-cylinder flow velocity and turbulence aspects were investigated during the intake stroke in order to analyze the intake flow behavior. To reach this goal, a 3D CFD code was adopted. For various engine speeds were investigated for gasoline, CNG and hydrogen and CNG blend (HCNG) fueled engines via external mixtures. The variation of brake torque (BT), NO X and CO emissions. A series of tests were conducted on the engine within the speed range of 1000 to 5000 rpm. For this purpose, a commercial Hyundai Sonata S.I engine was modified to operate with a blend of CNG and Hydrogen in different ratios. The experiments attempted to determine the optimum allowable hydrogen ratio with CNG for normal engine operation. The engine performance and the emission levels were also analyzed. At the engine speed of 4200 rpm, the results revealed that beyond a ratio of 50% of the volume of hydrogen added to CNG a backfire phenomenon appeared. Below this ratio (0~40%) of the hydrogen volume, the CNG and Hydrogen blend seemed to be beneficial for the engine performance and for curtailing the emission level. However, at low engine speeds, the NO X concentration increased simultaneously with hydrogen content. In contrast, at high engine speeds, the NO X concentration decreased to its lowest level compared to that reached with gasoline as a running fuel. The concentration levels of HC, CO 2 , and CO decreased with the increase of hydrogen percentage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Empirical Studies of the Commercial SI Engine Performance and Its Emission Levels When Running on a CNG and Hydrogen Blend

2017

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“…This method effectively controlled the backfire of hydrogen fuelled ORP engines; moreover, there wasn't any performance penalty if the overall equivalence ratios in cylinders were controlled properly. Backfire control for reciprocating engines was usually achieved by adjusting engine operation parameters, and performance loss was inevitable 26,27 . However, the control strategy in this investigation couldn't be applied to conventional reciprocating engines due to different structures of intake pipes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Decreasing valve overlap periods effectively dropped the possibilities of backfire, but the power output was decreased due to less intake air 26 . Combinations of postponing fuel ignition timing and water injection in intake manifold were also proved to be effective using experiments 27 . However, significant postponement of hydrogen ignition and water injection was demonstrated to be harmful to engine power output; meantime, water injection would cause corrosions of intake manifold systems and cylinders, as well as diluting lubricating oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective approach of dropping the backfire possibilities of a hydrogen‐fuelled opposed rotary piston engine

Gao

Tian

et al. 2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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Backfire of hydrogen‐fuelled internal combustion engines limits the hydrogen fuel applications and drops the power output. Opposed rotary piston (ORP) engines are characterized by high power density, smooth operations, and few moving parts. However, the intake structures of ORP engines tend to deliver high possibility of backfire under hydrogen utilization conditions due to more residual exhaust. This paper proposed an effective approach of eliminating backfire for a hydrogen fuelled ORP engine, and it did not generate any penalty of power output theoretically. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated using a 3D numerical simulation method. The results indicated that the average in‐cylinder temperature started to increase at the start of the intake process if without any backfire control strategies; however, it decreased continuously if backfire control was applied. The mass flow rates of the intake fluid were at a low level without backfire control, but it increased sharply if backfire control was adopted. Backfire in this investigation was caused by the pre‐ignition of mixture in cylinders. The temperature in intake pipes reached up to 1000 K over backfire scenarios, and heat of reaction was higher than 3 W. Hydrogen mass fractions at the bottom of intake pipes were low at the start of intake process due to the backfire; meantime, slight backflow also happened in the intake process due to the pre‐ignition of cylinders mixture. The fluid velocity was higher than 100 m/s at the beginning of intake process if backfire was controlled.

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“…They also proposed that NO x emissions could be dramatically decreased after a three-way catalyst with a slight reduction in torque was adopted. Duan and Liu 39 investigated the hydrogen-fueled engine combustion performance and 49 (2008) the hydrogen-fueled engine used in the experiment is modified from a three-cylinder and twostroke engine; the cylinder × diameter stroke: 61 × 61.5, emission capacity 539 cc, half ball firebox, compression ratio 6.9:1 signal processing methods wavelet analysis is effective for diagnosing abnormal combustion Yang et al 50 (2010) a single-cylinder, four-stroke hydrogen-fueled engine; the engine is water-cooled horizontal type; its displacement is 482 cm 3 , bore is 85 mm, stroke is 85 mm, compression ratio can be changed from 4.8 to 7.93 hemisphere signal processing and control model ignition timing and excessive air ratio were the essential factors affecting rate of pressure rise Yang et al 52,53 (2012) as the above control model method the propagation speed of laminar flames is related to the state and operating parameters of hydrogen fuel engines; among them, temperature, pressure, boost rate, and excess air ratio have the greatest impact on abnormal combustion Qin et al 58 (2017) as the above CFD methods low-temperature combustion technology can reduce the rough working characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engines Gao et al. 55 (2014) as the above, but using two valve intakes CFD methods the impact of different inlet ports on abnormal combustion Yang et al.…”

Section: A Study Related To the Structural Form Of Different Hicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Development of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines in China

Wang,

Li,

Hong

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

Self Cite

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Energy shortages and environmental problems have brought many challenges to China’s development. In the field of transport, hydrogen energy has become a new type of energy that people pay attention to due to its easy production and nonpolluting generation. The use of hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines can be a good way to make a low-cost and clean conversion of the current internal combustion engine, thus realizing the application of hydrogen energy in vehicles. In this study, hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (HICEs) are the focus. A review and analysis of the topical issues encountered in the developmental research of HICE is presented, such as the optimization control method of the combustion process, mechanism and suppression method of abnormal combustion (preignition, backfire, knock, and high pressure rise rate in early stages of combustion), influence regularity of hydrogen injection parameters and hydrogen injection modes on the formation and combustion performance of H 2 –air mixture, emissions and control of NO x , formation of H 2 –air mixture, and combustion cycle variation, among others. Multiyear studies in the hydrogen-fueled engines clearly show that abnormal combustion, as preignition, backfire, and the blockage of intake pipe, is likely to occur at high load, and the H 2 injection parameters and the injection modes possess a prominent effect on the engine’s performance and the blockage of the intake pipe, which has an important impact on the preignition and backfire, and the optimal control of the combustion process is a valuable method for resolving the contradictions among inhibiting abnormal combustion, the blockage of the intake pipe, and enhancing hydrogen-fueled engine power.

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Research on optimum method to eliminate backfire of hydrogen internal combustion engines based on combining postponing ignition timing with water injection of intake manifold

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Simulation and Empirical Studies of the Commercial SI Engine Performance and Its Emission Levels When Running on a CNG and Hydrogen Blend

Simulation and Empirical Studies of the Commercial SI Engine Performance and Its Emission Levels When Running on a CNG and Hydrogen Blend

An effective approach of dropping the backfire possibilities of a hydrogen‐fuelled opposed rotary piston engine

Research and Development of Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines in China

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