This paper discusses the optimization and design of the new-energy vehicle transmission systems. Traditional automatic transmission systems suffer from fuel consumption and emissions issues, as well as limitations in the efficiency of mechanical transmission systems. In order to solve these problems, different types of transmission systems are used in new-energy vehicles, including battery electric vehicles (BEV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). The key factors for optimizing the transmission systems of new-energy vehicles include battery technology and energy management system, electric motor and electronic control system, energy recovery and reuse technology, and lightweight and aerodynamic design of the vehicle. This paper also introduces methods and tools for designing new-energy vehicle transmission systems, including simulation tools, optimization algorithms and data analysis, as well as experimental verification and testing methods. Besides, new-energy vehicle transmission system designs are proposed, and future challenges and development directions are discussed through case studies.