Research on PV Generation Participating in Power Grid Frequency Regulation

Jiang, Dajun; Lei, Zhang Jian-cheng Cao; Zhao, Dan; Chen, Ning; Qian, Minhui

doi:10.1109/ciced.2018.8592122

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To restore the active power slowly in the process of system frequency recovery, the frequency emergency control is presented in Fig. 11(b) [68], in which the active power jumps sharply according to the red line in emergency control when the system frequency exceeds the dead-band and restores gradually back to the dead-band through the droop characteristic. As an important index in the updated grid codes, ROCOF is considered as an additional triggering signal for the frequency emergency control in Fig.…”

Section: ) Frequency Regulation By Active Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an important index in the updated grid codes, ROCOF is considered as an additional triggering signal for the frequency emergency control in Fig. 11(b) [68], [69], in which the emergency control is activated when ROCOF is above its threshold and the droop control is activated when ROCOF is below the threshold. To segment the emergency control even more precisely, a two-stage emergency control scheme employs multiple step changes based on multiple ROCOF thresholds [69].…”

Section: ) Frequency Regulation By Active Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources- Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends

Xue

Chang

2021

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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Penetration of renewable energy in power systems has been increasing in the past decades in response to increased global electricity demand and concerns for the environment. Distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewables have experienced rapid growth thanks to the incentive programs and broad-based participation. With the growing prevalence of DERs, the risk of grid instability and vulnerability increases due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy. At the same time, the voltage and frequency deviation problems emerge more often when the reverse power flow occurs under supply-demand imbalance in distributed power systems. Standards and grid codes have been issued for DER inverters to interconnect with the distribution grid. The updated standard and grid codes expect DERs to provide a variety of power system support functions in order to incorporate higher DER penetration and to maximize DER value to the grid. This paper provides an overview of the power system support functions from renewable DER inverters, which are categorized as: voltage regulation by active/reactive power control, frequency regulation by active power control, voltage ride-through, and frequency ride-through. The benefits and drawbacks of each algorithm are presented and compared with its predecessor, manifesting the logic in the evolution of the algorithms.

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Section: ) Frequency Regulation By Active Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Frequency Regulation By Active Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources- Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends

Xue

Chang

2021

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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“…The dead zone is a range that grid frequency fluctuates without any control intervention, and when the frequency exceeds the dead zone, the PV station will produce an active power output change, which is proportional to the frequency deviation. In this regard, a control strategy of the PV system was developed in [73] to participate in grid frequency regulation. In this paper, a certain reserve was kept through PV power curtailment, so that the PV power could regulate the grid frequency by increasing or reducing a certain amount of output power according to the frequency deviation.…”

Section: Frequency-damping Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Active Power Control for PV-ESS Systems: A Review

Kerekes

2021

Energies

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The penetration of solar energy in the modern power system is still increasing with a fast growth rate after long development due to reduced environmental impact and ever-decreasing photovoltaic panel cost. Meanwhile, distribution networks have to deal with a huge amount and frequent fluctuations of power due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, which influences the grid stability and could cause a voltage rise in the low-voltage grid. In order to reduce these fluctuations and ensure a stable and reliable power supply, energy storage systems are introduced, as they can absorb or release energy on demand, which provides more control flexibility for PV systems. At present, storage technologies are still under development and integrated in renewable applications, especially in smart grids, where lowering the cost and enhancing the reliability are the main tasks. This study reviews and discusses several active power control strategies for hybrid PV and energy storage systems that deliver ancillary services for grid support. The technological advancements and developments of energy storage systems in grid-tied PV applications are also reviewed.

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“…According to (15) and (16), the given reserve ratio d is determined by the frequency regulation controller. The suboptimal power point controller then adjusts the PV array voltage to track the given reserve ratio.…”

Section: Overall Frequency Control Strategy For the Pv Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, unlike conventional generators, PV systems have no natural inertia and must reserve some of the available power to participate in the system frequency response [8][9][10]. In principle, there is two methods for implementing the power reserve: (i) installation of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor, which has the disadvantage of increasing the system maintenance costs and complexity [5,8,[11][12][13][14][15]; (ii) operation of PV systems at a suboptimal power point to reserve partial frequency regulation power, which is simple and costeffective [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. This study is focused on the latter method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible power‐point‐tracking‐based frequency regulation strategy for PV system

Zhong

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2020

IET Renewable Power Generation

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This study proposes a novel frequency regulation strategy based on a power reserve control method. Unlike existing strategies, irradiance information and complex model estimation are not required, except for the maximum power curve. The suboptimal power point at any irradiance and reserve ratio can be automatically converged with the proposed tracking method. Furthermore, an adaptive step-size tracking method is proposed to improve the output power fluctuation around the suboptimal power point. The simulation results with several scenarios are used to verify that the proposed strategy can quickly and robustly track a given power reserve ratio under the irradiance and reserve ratio variation conditions. The proposed strategy can significantly improve the frequency response of power systems with photovoltaic (PV) generation.

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Research on PV Generation Participating in Power Grid Frequency Regulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources- Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends

Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources- Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends

Flexible Active Power Control for PV-ESS Systems: A Review

Flexible power‐point‐tracking‐based frequency regulation strategy for PV system

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