Research on signal processing of segment-grout defect in tunnel based on impact-echo method

Yao, Fei; Chen, Guangyu; Abulikemu, Abula

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.192

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, when the Fourier transform is conducted for each divided time domain and the data are combined in the frequency domain using STFT, the size of the time domain affected by a certain noise is minimized. As a result, the accuracy of the analysis results may increase [24]. Furthermore, if there is an excessive amount of data composing the local signal in each divided time domain, many types of noise may also be included in the local signal.…”

Section: Dynamic Modulus Test Conducted Using Ie Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Partial Depth Repair Size for Spalling of Jointed Concrete Pavements Using the Impact Echo Method

et al. 2022

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When spalling occurs at a concrete pavement joint, partial depth repair (PDR) is implemented by removing the damaged part of a slab and filling the space with repair materials. However, re-repair is frequently also required because additional distress develops at the boundary of the repaired area due to improper PDR size in addition to poor quality of materials and construction methods. For the sustainability of pavement structures, it is necessary to study the PDR size based on the mechanical theory. Therefore, in this study, the PDR size for spalling was suggested based on the results of laboratory and field tests conducted using the impact echo (IE) method. The dynamic modulus estimated in the laboratory using the IE and forced resonance methods were compared for concrete specimens subjected to repetitive freeze–thaw cycles. In addition, the correlations of the dynamic modulus estimated by the methods with the compressive strength and absorption coefficient were analyzed. As a result, the IE method, for which vibration could be estimated on the same side of the specimen where impaction was applied, was selected for use on the pavement surface. Furthermore, the short-time Fourier transform technique was used instead of the fast Fourier transform, which has been commonly used for nondestructive methods, to minimize the noise in the field and, consequently, to estimate the dynamic modulus more accurately. The dynamic modulus was estimated according to the distance from the spalling end using the IE method at the Korea Expressway Corporation test road to identify the damaged range in the slab based on the severity of spalling. The dynamic modulus, compressive strength, and absorption coefficient tests were conducted in the laboratory for specimens cored from the concrete slab where the field test was performed. Finally, the PDR size was suggested according to the severity of spalling based on the damaged range in the slab, as determined by the field test and laboratory test results.

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Section: Dynamic Modulus Test Conducted Using Ie Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Partial Depth Repair Size for Spalling of Jointed Concrete Pavements Using the Impact Echo Method

et al. 2022

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“…Compared with GPR, the impact echo method is more economically friendly, has fewer interferences caused by steel bars, and provides better detection of air-filled defects. In recent years, some scholars have studied the relationship between the reflection and vibration of concrete structures as well as the size and depth of defects [83,84], and then applied the impact echo method to civil engineering applications, such as bridge girder tests, pipe inner wall integrity tests, bridge surface damage tests, highway pavement quality tests, and the detection of grouting defects behind tunnel shield segments [85,86].…”

Section: Elastic Wave Prospectingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acoustic impedance value of the grouting material significantly affects the characteristics of the echo. Subsequently, the authors conducted further research and analysis [86] by introducing the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform to transform the impact echo signal into the frequency domain. The analysis was carried out to determine the location of the defects in the grouting layer.…”

Section: Elastic Wave Prospectingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in the GPR Detection of Grouting Defects behind Shield Tunnel Segments

et al. 2021

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Injecting grout into the gaps between tunnel shield segments and surrounding rocks can reduce ground subsidence and prevent ground water penetration. However, insufficient grouting and grouting defects may cause serious geological disasters. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used as a nondestructive testing (NDT) method to evaluate grouting quality and determine the existence of defects. This paper provides an overview of GPR applications for grouting defect detection behind tunnel shield segments. State-of-the-art methodologies, field cases, experimental tests and signal processing methods are discussed. The reported field cases and model test results show that GPR can detect grouting defects behind shield tunnel segments by identifying reflected waves. However, some subsequent problems still exist, including the interference of steel bars and small differences in the dielectric constants among media. Recent studies have focused on enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and imaging methods. Advanced GPR signal processing methods, including full waveform inversion and machine learning methods, are promising for detecting imaging defects. Additionally, we conduct a preliminary experiment to investigate environmental noise, antenna configuration and coupling condition influences. Some promising topics, including multichannel configuration, rapid evaluation methods, elastic wave method scanning equipment for evaluating grout quality and comprehensive NDT methods, are recommended for future studies.

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“…As a result, seismic wave detection technology has low resolution in petroleum drilling. e impact-echo technique is based on the use of transient stress waves for nondestructive detection of flaws in concrete structures [6,21,22]. e stress waves are produced by an impact device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithological Interface Detection Using an Impact Source

Jian

et al. 2020

Shock and Vibration

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Early detection of abnormal geological targets during drilling can enhance the safety of petroleum drilling. An impact source equipped with the advantage of long detection distances can recognize lithological interfaces. However, coda waves in the vibration waveform are significant to reflected waves, which are difficult to recognize in the time domain. This paper presents the design of an impact source that includes a hammer, impacted metal, Teflon, and a metal base. With the length and diameter of Teflon kept constant, the effect of the hammer, impacted metal, and metal base on the coda waves was experimentally investigated. According to the preferred metal materials, the effect of the length and diameter of Teflon on coda waves was also experimentally studied. A distance measurement experiment was implemented on 1.2 m sandstone on the basis of the preferred impact source design. The experimental results show that the coda waves are significantly attenuated by the preferred impact source. Moreover, the reflected waves are clearly identified in the time domain. Therefore, the preferred impact source can be used effectively in lithological interface detection.

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Research on signal processing of segment-grout defect in tunnel based on impact-echo method

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Determination of Partial Depth Repair Size for Spalling of Jointed Concrete Pavements Using the Impact Echo Method

Determination of Partial Depth Repair Size for Spalling of Jointed Concrete Pavements Using the Impact Echo Method

Recent Advances in the GPR Detection of Grouting Defects behind Shield Tunnel Segments

Lithological Interface Detection Using an Impact Source

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