“…(a) At high fields, the iron is saturated and all PM fluxes go to the stator. (b) At low field currents, there is a leakage flux from the PM through the iron of the electromagnets.Designs using parallel flux paths have been studied by Yamazaki et al[26,89,90], Hosoi et al[91], Ployard et al[35], Hwang et al[28], Wardach et al[36], and Pang et al[92]. A common solution is to place the PM beside the air gap similar to a PM bridge between the surfaces of two classical FW poles.…”