“…Long-reach PONs can be interesting for new entrant operators who wish to connect only the major geographically distributed business clients. Most of the reported studies on advanced PON architectures considered stand-alone PON access networks, with a particular focus on the design of energetic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms for QoS support and QoS protection by means of admission control [8]. Research on the (optically) opaque and transparent interconnection of numerous WDM PONs has begun recently, e.g.…”