Research on the attenuation characteristics of some inorganic salts in seawater

Han, Xueyun; Peng, Yufeng; Zhang, Y.; Ma, Zhongjun; Wang, J.

doi:10.2971/jeos.2015.15045

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…1 [15]. The blue-green wavelengths (420-532 nm) give a low attenuation window as discovered by Sullivan and Dimtle in 1963 (reported in [6]), and the attenuation increases gradually towards the red wavelengths. This makes it possible for underwater communication in the visible light range.…”

Section: A Optical Properties Of Watermentioning

confidence: 74%

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Experimental Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Table Salt Water and Effect on Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Ojediran

Ponnle

Oyetunji

2022

EJECE

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has advantages over other underwater communication methods. Some of these advantages are high data rates, large bandwidth, and less susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. The transmission of light underwater is affected by absorption, scattering and turbulence. Sodium Chloride is one of the most abundant dissolved substances in seawater which cause attenuation of optical signals. In this work, the effect of table salt in water on transmission of visible light in the range 400nm – 800nm was investigated. Nine samples of 100 ml of pure water were prepared in which eight of the samples contain addition of table salt of 1g, 3g, 4.5g, 5.5g, 15g, 20g, 25g and 28g yielding different salt concentrations (salinity). The conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total dissolved salt of the samples were measured. Absorption spectra of visible light through these samples were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The results showed an increase in conductivity and attenuation with increase in the presence of the table salt in the water. Also, it was observed that at shorter wavelengths (blue light), there is higher attenuation with increase in salt concentration compared to longer wavelengths (red light). However, the attenuation tends to increase sharply around 700nm – 800nm. From the absorption spectra obtained for each sample, the absorptivity spectrum for the table salt was obtained which shows high absorptivity at shorter wavelengths and lower absorptivity at longer wavelengths. From the absorption coefficient values obtained from the measurements, performance of UWOC for selected samples at three wavelengths of 450nm, 550nm and 700nm with transmitter power of 30mW were evaluated by simulation using OptiSystem linked with MATLAB. For a maximum allowable Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10-9 in UWOC, achievable link distance reduces considerably as the salt concentration increases.

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Section: A Optical Properties Of Watermentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Han et al [6] observed the effect of absorption of inorganic salt concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Magnesium Sulphate using a UV (Ultraviolet)-spectrophotometer. The absorption of the saline water was scanned from 200-1200 nm, and the lowest attenuation was between 450-633 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Table Salt Water and Effect on Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Ojediran

Ponnle

Oyetunji

2022

EJECE

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“…The attenuation coefficient c(λ) is the linear combination of the absorption coefficient, a(λ), and the scattering coefficient b(λ), as expressed in Eq. ( 1) [4].…”

Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most water bodies are saline in nature with the limitations of absorption and scattering due to dissolved salts. The preferred range of wavelengths for transmission in particle-free sea water is the blue-green region (450 nm -570 nm) because of low attenuation at these wavelengths [4]. However, when dissolved salt is present in the water, the attenuation increases at shorter wavelengths (bluegreen) than at longer wavelengths (red).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Selected Water Bodies of Southwest Nigeria for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Ojediran,

Ponnle,

Oyetunji

2023

J. Eng. Adv.

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A study on the transmission of visible light (400 nm-800 nm) in some selected natural water bodies of Southwest Nigeria was carried out via spectroscopy, and their salinity, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity were obtained. Samples of ten selected water bodies comprising rivers, lagoons, and the Atlantic Ocean were taken namely: River Ala, River Ogbese, River Kinira, River Apake, River Odo-Oru, River Odo-Eran, Epe Lagoon, Lagos Lagoon (Lekki Phase 1), Lagos Lagoon (Victoria Island) and the Atlantic Ocean. The absorption of light in them was measured using a spectrophotometer. From the results of the measurements, the rivers showed less conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity compared to the lagoons, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean gave the highest value. Also, there is varying optical attenuation with different wavelengths. At shorter wavelengths (blue light), there is higher absorbance with an increase in salinity compared to longer wavelengths (red light). At the infra-red end (750 nm – 800 nm), all the samples showed increased absorbance compared to the absorbance at red wavelength (700 nm). From the measurements, an optical beam of a wavelength of 650 nm was found most suitable for optical communication across these water bodies. The transmission was simulated at this wavelength for the water bodies using OptiSystem software linked with MATLAB at different data rates, and their performance was investigated in terms of received quality factor and bit error rate. The quality factor reduces with an increase in salinity, while the bit error rate increases with an increase in salinity.

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“…A composição daágua do maré complexa, contendo além de sais inorgânicos, como NaCl, MgCl 2 , KCl, NaHCO 3 e MgSO 4 em diferentes proporções [21], matéria orgânica. Entretanto, pouco mais de 80% da concentração iônica no oceanoé de NaCl, sendo esse composto e as algas marinhas os principais agentes responsáveis por atenuar a luz no oceano [22,23].…”

Section: Como Se Dá a Atenuação Da Energia Luminosa Ao Atravessar Meios Materiais? Como A Poluição Dos Oceanos Pode Influenciar A Fotossíunclassified

Atenuação da luz em meios materiais: uma atividade de modelagem envolvendo três experimentos didáticos

Weber

Heidemann

Veit

2020

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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O fenômeno da atenuação da luz pelos meios materiais é pouco discutido nos cursos de Física em nível de graduação, principalmente no contexto das aulas experimentais. Neste artigo, discute-se uma atividade de laboratório sobre essa temática desenvolvida com a metodologia de ensino Episódios de Modelagem. A atividade envolve três experimentos explorados sob a perspectiva da Modelagem Didático-Científica, com o objetivo de dar sentido especialmente ao conceito de expansão de um modelo teórico. A problematização das investigações é derivada de discussões sobre como a poluição da água influencia na zona fótica dos oceanos. Para responder às questões levantadas, é necessária uma expansão do modelo de propagação da luz no vácuo, incluindo processos de absorção e espalhamento da luz pela matéria, que foi desenvolvida com base na Lei de Beer-Lambert. Com as práticas propostas, busca-se destacar como um modelo teórico da Física pode ser aprimorado através da inclusão de efeitos anteriormente desconsiderados, ampliando assim seu domínio de validade e capacidade preditiva, possibilitando a condução de discussões sobre a natureza do processo de modelagem científica em aulas experimentais. Para contrastar empiricamente o modelo teórico expandido, foram realizados três experimentos, cada um deles em um diferente meio material (vidro, solução de água + sal de cozinha e fumaça), com o uso de laser ou lâmpada de filamento. Foi dado particular destaque ao papel das idealizações assumidas no processo de construção, uso e validação do modelo construído, buscando, em cada situação, avaliar as consequências dessas simplificações da realidade. Dos resultados experimentais, conclui-se que: i. o modelo teórico expandido descreve a atenuação da intensidade luminosa em meios materiais com boa precisão e ii. a poluição dos oceanos pode contribuir para aumentar a extinção da luz solar, diminuindo assim sua penetração na zona fótica, reduzindo a taxa de fotossíntese das algas. O presente artigo pode contribuir para a área de ensino de Física não apenas trazendo uma atividade didática de laboratório inovadora, mas também servindo de referência para aqueles professores interessados na aplicação prática de atividades de modelagem, em particular aquelas centradas na expansão de um modelo teórico.

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Research on the attenuation characteristics of some inorganic salts in seawater

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Experimental Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Table Salt Water and Effect on Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Experimental Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Table Salt Water and Effect on Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Selected Water Bodies of Southwest Nigeria for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Atenuação da luz em meios materiais: uma atividade de modelagem envolvendo três experimentos didáticos

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