Research on the Etalon Effect in Dispersive Hyperspectral VNIR Imagers Using Back-Illuminated CCDs

Hu, Binlin; Zhang, Jing; Cao, Kang; Hao, Shijing; Sun, Dexin; Liu, Yinnian

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2018.2818258

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The etaloning effect appears on back-illuminated CCD sensor due to the transparency of silicon at NIR wavelengths. This property allows coherent light to reflect between the front and back surfaces producing interference patterns which disturb the measurements [92,93]. The influence of the etaloning is most noticeable on the highest bands and pixel values across-track. Striping .…”

Section: Desis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Products, Quality and Validation of the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS)

Alonso¹,

Bachmann

Burch

et al. 2019

Sensors

130

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Imaging spectrometry from aerial or spaceborne platforms, also known as hyperspectral remote sensing, provides dense sampled and fine structured spectral information for each image pixel, allowing the user to identify and characterize Earth surface materials such as minerals in rocks and soils, vegetation types and stress indicators, and water constituents. The recently launched DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) installed on the International Space Station (ISS) closes the long-term gap of sparsely available spaceborne imaging spectrometry data and will be part of the upcoming fleet of such new instruments in orbit. DESIS measures in the spectral range from 400 and 1000 nm with a spectral sampling distance of 2.55 nm and a Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of about 3.5 nm. The ground sample distance is 30 m with 1024 pixels across track. In this article, a detailed review is given on the applicability of DESIS data based on the specifics of the instrument, the characteristics of the ISS orbit, and the methods applied to generate products. The various DESIS data products available for users are described with the focus on specific processing steps. The results of the data quality and product validation studies show that top-of-atmosphere radiance, geometrically corrected, and bottom-of-atmosphere reflectance products meet the mission requirements. The limitations of the DESIS data products are also subject to a critical examination.

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Section: Desis Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Products, Quality and Validation of the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS)

Alonso¹,

Bachmann

Burch

et al. 2019

Sensors

130

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show abstract

“…While we attempted to limit photothermal dispersion through pulse modulation, we still observe a wavelength drift in the SH spectra that increases with increasing pump power, behaving in correspondence with photothermal dispersion effects [46]. The fringed dependence of the SH power on pump wavelength is related to etaloning effects in the system, which are common in back illuminated CCD detectors at near-IR wavelengths [48].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Nonlinear optics in gallium phosphide cavities: simultaneous second and third harmonic generation

McLaughlin¹,

Lake²,

Mitchell³

et al. 2022

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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We demonstrate the simultaneous generation of second and third harmonic signals from a telecom wavelength pump in a gallium phosphide (GaP) microdisk. Using analysis of the power scaling of both the second and third harmonic outputs and calculations of nonlinear cavity mode coupling factors, we study contributions to the third harmonic signal from direct and cascaded sum frequency generation processes. We find that despite the relatively high material absorption in GaP at the third harmonic wavelength, both of these processes can be significant, with relative magnitudes that depend closely on the detuning between the second harmonic wavelengths of the cavity modes.

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“…6 Because the BI approach requires the photosensitive region to be thinned to the scale of the optical absorption length, some photons pass through the whole region and reflect back, creating interference that manifests as a sinusoidal oscillation in QE versus wavelength. 7,8 This QE variation, called the ''etalon effect'', affects all light, both the Raman scattering and the usually much stronger fluorescence background. The etalon effect becomes problematic in Raman spectroscopy when chipinduced modulation in the fluorescence amplitude becomes comparable to true Raman peaks' amplitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration Technique for Suppressing Residual Etalon Artifacts in Slit-Averaged Raman Spectroscopy

2021

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Back-illuminated charged-coupled device (BI-CCD) arrays increase quantum efficiency but also amplify etaloning, a multiplicative, wavelength-dependent fixed-pattern effect. When spectral data from hundreds of BI-CCD rows are combined, the averaged spectrum will generally appear etalon-free. This can mask substantial etaloning at the row level, even if the BI-CCD has been treated to suppress the effect. This paper compares two methods of etalon correction, one with simple averaging and one with row-by-row calibration using a fluorescence standard. Two BI-CCD arrays, both roughened by the supplier to reduce etaloning, were used to acquire Raman spectra of murine bone specimens. For one array, etaloning was the dominant source of noise under the exposure conditions chosen, even for the averaged spectrum across all rows; near-infrared-excited Raman peaks were noticeably affected. In this case, row-by-row calibration improved the spectral quality of the average spectrum. The other CCD’s performance was shot-noise limited and therefore received no benefit from the extra calibration. The different results highlight the importance of checking for and correcting row-level fixed pattern when measuring weak Raman signals in the presence of a large fluorescence background.

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Research on the Etalon Effect in Dispersive Hyperspectral VNIR Imagers Using Back-Illuminated CCDs

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Data Products, Quality and Validation of the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS)

Data Products, Quality and Validation of the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS)

Nonlinear optics in gallium phosphide cavities: simultaneous second and third harmonic generation

Calibration Technique for Suppressing Residual Etalon Artifacts in Slit-Averaged Raman Spectroscopy

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