Research on the Penetration Characteristics of PELE Projectile with Reactive Inner Core

Abstract

With the improvement of protection technology, the damage power of conventional penetrators has become increasingly inferior. Reactive material is a new type of energetic material, which has strong energy release capabilities under high-velocity-impact conditions. In this paper, the reactive materials were put into the penetrator, and its penetration characteristics were studied. First, the penetrator with enhanced lateral effect (PELE) projectile structure with better penetration capability was obtained by numerical simulation. Then, based on the established polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Al reactive material reaction model, the numerical simulation and experimental research of the PELE projectile with a reactive inner core penetrating the target were carried out. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the confidence of the numerical simulation. The PELE projectile had a significant increase in power with the use of a truncated conical head and reactive materials. The residual velocity of the truncated cone PELE projectile increases by 8.41%-21% over conventional PELE projectiles. Its damage range is 43% higher than that of conventional penetrators. The simulation method and the conclusions obtained in this paper can provide support and reference for further research on reactive materials and on effectively improving the damage power of the penetrator.

Impact of Ionic Strength (Sodium Chloride Concentration) on Homopolymerization and Copolymerization Kinetics of Acrylamide and 2‐Acrylamido‐2‐Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid

“…In comparing Runs (2,4) to Runs (2,5) and Runs (3,4) to Runs (3,5), it is possible to evaluate the impact of increasing the ionic strength of the AMPS-rich feed. A slight decrease in r AMPS is observed, but with overlapping JCRs.…”

“…In contrast, by comparing Runs (2,4) to Runs (3,4) and Runs (2,5) to Runs (3,5), we can evaluate the impact of increasing the ionic strength of the AAm-rich feed. While this was done fairly extensively in the previous section (recall Figure 12), the current comparison shows that the Runs (2,5) versus Runs (3,5) behavior follows the same trend as observed previously. With sufficient salt addition to ensure charge screening, the cross-propagation of r AAm (that is, k 21 ) is expected to increase, thus decreasing r AAm .…”

“…[28] They reported similar results in terms of r AAm , Figure 14. Reactivity ratio estimates and JCRs for Runs (2,4), Runs (2,5), Runs (3,4), and Runs (3,5); Impact of varying the IS of AAm-rich and/or AMPS-rich formulations on reactivity ratios. Initial estimates from Mc-Cormick and Chen.…”

“…Copolymers of acrylamide (AAm) and 2acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are polyelectrolytes, and are commonly used in flocculation, enhanced oil recovery, and as hydrogels. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In the current work, the customization of copolymer microstructure via manipulation of synthesis conditions is investigated, so that the final copolymer properties can be more readily predicted for target applications.…”

“…Enhanced oil recovery is another common application of polyelectrolytes. [3,5,10,11] Polymers for enhanced oil recovery (polymer flooding) require specific properties such as mechanical and thermal stability and high viscosity in aqueous solution, therefore multi-component polymers (such as copolymers) are often employed. The material properties are dependent on the microstructure of the copolymer, which can be influenced by the polymerization conditions.…”