“…Metal ions (M-ion), other than lanthanides, such as alkali metal cations Li + , 131 Na + , 132 K + , 133,134 and Rb + , 135 alkaline earth metal cations Mg 2+ , 136 and Ca 2+ , 137 transition metals Zn 2+ , 138,139 Mn 2+ , [140][141][142][143] Ni 2+ , 144,145 Cu 2+ , 146,147 Ti 3+ , 148,149 Y 3+ , 150 and Cd 2+ , 124 post-transition metal Sn 2+ , 151 etc., have also been incorporated with the all-IHPs. These metal ions also improve the optoelectronic properties and the stability of IHPs against various environments.…”