Research on the physical properties of supercritical CO2 and the log evaluation of CO2-bearing volcanic reservoirs

Supercritical CO2 as a Valuable Tool for Aroma Technology

“…In general terms, SC-CO 2 systems consist of a sample chamber connected to a high pressure vessel, a heating/cooling system, and a pump or compressor, operating in such a way that pressure, temperature, and SC-CO 2 flow rate are controlled. No cosolvents are required to purify the compounds extracted by this solvent, since its solvation properties might be modulated just by changing the operational conditions (pressure, temperature) . As for the sustainability aspects, using CO 2 in industrial processes in substitution of organic solvents can be very attractive to mitigate the environmental impacts of these processes by reducing the carbon footprint and global greenhouse gas emissions.…”

“…The critical point of a given substance is reached when temperature and pressure exceed the respective critical values, at which liquid and gas properties become similar . With a mild critical temperature ( T c = 31.1 °C) and critical pressure ( P c = 73.7 bar), SC-CO 2 has physicochemical properties between gases and liquids and a density that may be modified by adjusting its pressure and temperature . Therefore, SC-CO 2 processes a particular advantage over traditional extraction and purification methods since variations of less than 10 °C or 10 bar may increase selectivity toward a target compound …”

“…No cosolvents are required to purify the compounds extracted by this solvent, since its solvation properties might be modulated just by changing the operational conditions (pressure, temperature). 18 As for the sustainability aspects, using CO 2 in industrial processes in substitution of organic solvents can be very attractive to mitigate the environmental impacts of these processes by reducing the carbon footprint and global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, such an approach can contribute to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 9 (build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation) and 12 (ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns) of the 2030 agenda.…”

Optimization of the Water-Energy Nexus in Hydraulic Fracturing Processes Using CO2 and Water as Fracturing Fluids

“…Pan et al reported that its critical temperature is 31.06 °C and its critical pressure is 7.39 MPa as well as the pressure required by hydraulic fracturing (60 MPa); consequently, under these conditions, the density of CO 2 is close to 1000 kg/m 3 . 32 Currently, limited experience indicates that CO 2 fractures produce more gas or oil because they develop a more extensive and complex fracture network than those made with water. 33 For example, the Petrochemical journal reported that the San Antonio International company fractured an unconventional well in Neuqueń, Argentina.…”

“…The use of CO 2 as fracturing fluid is an alternative to replace water partially or even completely. Pan et al reported that its critical temperature is 31.06 °C and its critical pressure is 7.39 MPa as well as the pressure required by hydraulic fracturing (60 MPa); consequently, under these conditions, the density of CO 2 is close to 1000 kg/m 3 . Currently, limited experience indicates that CO 2 fractures produce more gas or oil because they develop a more extensive and complex fracture network than those made with water .…”